The Irish Brigade
(2d Brigade, 1st Division, 2d Corps)
at Seven-Days' Battles
Peninsular Campaign
Reports Not Available from:
29th Massachusetts Infantry
63d New York Infantry
69th New York Infantry
88th New York Infantry
Reports of Brigadier General Thomas F. Meagher, U.S. Army,
commanding Second Brigade of the battles of Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Glendale, or Nelson's Farm (Frazier's Farm), and
Malvern Hill.
HDQRS. MEAGHER'S BRIG., RICHARDSON'S DIV.,
SUMNER'S CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
July 6,1862.
LIEUTENANT: In compliance with the order received by me yesterday from the general commanding
the division I have the honor to report to him through you the action of the brigade which I command in the following
engagements: Allen's Farm [Gaines' Mill], Savage Station, Nelson's Farm, Malverton.
On Friday, the 27th of June, at 5 o'clock p.m. being encamped at Fair Oaks Station, I received orders to move my brigade
immediately to the support of General Fitz John Porter, who had been engaged with the enemy for several hours, and who was at the
time mentioned forced back by overpowering numbers. On receiving the orders to move forward my brigade I was directed by the
general of the division to report to Brigadier-General French, whose brigade was also ordered to the support of the forces
engaged with the enemy at Allen's Farm. Marching rapidly to the Chickahominy, the two brigades crossed Woodbury's (or
Alexander's) Bridge. The head of the column had just appeared on the opposite side when an immense cloud of dust, through which
teams and horseman hastily broke, indicated something more than a repulse to our arms. These teams and horseman were followed by
crowds of fugitive stragglers on foot, whose cry was that "they had been cut to pieces."
At this critical moment Brigadier-General French ordered me to thrown forward and deploy one company of the Sixty-ninth, Col.
Robert Nugent commanding, and with fixed bayonets to drive back the runaways. Captain Felix Duffy's company was accordingly
thrown forward and deployed (and the resolute and impetuous spirit with which they discharged their duty the command of their
experienced and gallant captain had the effect of almost instantly checking a rout which if not arrested at that movement would
have attended with the most fearful consequence), thus driving back the fugitives and steadying the broken masses of the Union
forces that had been engaged all day. The column, of which my brigade formed the right and rear, came upon the hill where the
main hospital of the Union army had been established and where the greater position of our broken and retreating forces were
assembled. My brigade reached the summit of this hill in two lines of battle - the Sixty-ninth and Eighty-eighth the first, the
Sixty-third and Twenty-ninth the second line of battle - and having reached it, despite of the cavalry, artillery, and infantry
that were breaking through them, preserved an unwavering and undaunted front. Our advance, which was repeatedly assailed by the
shells and the round shot of the enemy, did not halt until commanded to do so by General Fitz John Porter, who gave the command
in person. At this time the firing of the enemy suddenly ceased on our front and opened on our right, in consequence of which
General Porter directed me to move my brigade obliquely to the right and so relieve the regulars under Brigadier-General Sykes,
occupying the ground which these splendid troops had so gallantly maintained all through the desperate conflict of the day and
long after their ammunition had been exhausted. Nothing more was seen or heard of the enemy through the night.
In this position my brigade remained until, under orders of Brigadier-General French, the column under his command recrossed the
Chickahominy, which it did before sunrise the following morning. The Eighty-eighth New York Volunteers, the fourth regiment of
the brigade, under Colonel Baker, was ordered by the general commanding the column on the other side to keep in rear of the
column, to defend the passage of the wounded and stragglers, until the bridge had been thoroughly destroyed, which work had
already commenced when, accompanied by my staff, I crossed the river in rear of my brigade.
Returning to our intrenched camp at Fair Oaks, the brigade rested until 10 o'clock on the night of Saturday, the 28th of
June,when I received orders to march my brigade instantly to Savage Station, and there report to the general-in-chief. The
Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers, Col. Robert Nugent commanding, did not accompany the brigade, being on picket duty in front of
the camp at Fair Oaks. The other three regiments of the brigade took up and held a position at Meadowy Station indicated by
General Williams, the adjutant-general of the Army of the Potomac, until ordered to report and return to Brigadier-General
Richardson, which they did about 4 o'clock on the afternoon of the 29th of June.
Being temporarily placed under arrest until 8 o'clock the following day, I respectfully refer the general commanding the division
to the report of Colonel Robert Nugent, the senior colonel of the brigade, who had command of the same during the engagement at
Savage Station on the evening of the 29th ultimo and who commanded the brigade on the march through the White Oak Swamp.
It gives me the heartiest satisfaction to bear witness to the able and intrepid manner with which Colonel Nugent fulfilled the
duties which devolved upon him during my arrest; and it many to be inopportune for me to say that no colonel with whom I am
acquainted is more deserving of honorable mention, and I most cordially recommend him to the favorable notice of the general
commanding the division.
In relation to the engagement at Nelson's Farm, and Malvern, in which my brigade suffered severely but most worthily behaved, I
shall furnish you with a report within the next hour.
I cannot close this report, however, without commending to the favorable consideration of the general commanding the division the
following officers, who served on my staff during the engagement on Allen's Farm, [Gaines' Mill]: Capt. William H. Hogan, of the
Second Battalion New York State Artillery; Lieut. John J.Gosson, of the Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers; Lieut. Temple Emmett, of
the Eighth-eighth New York Volunteers; Lieut. James B.Turner, of the Eighty-eighth New York Volunteers, and Capt. Malachi Martin,
the assistant quartermaster of the brigade, who with the heartiest alacrity volunteered his services on the occasion and
fearlessly rendered me the most valuable assistance. Maj. Thomas O'Neil, also of the Second Battalion New York State Artillery,
rendered me the most gallant service, and in fulfillment of one of my orders at the close of the engagement, when I had
dispatched him to one of the regiments on my right, was, I fear, taken prisoner by the enemy; at all events, since then we had no
tidings of him. I deeply regret his absence, for a more daring soldier I sincerely believe does not exist.
I have the honor to be, lieutenant very truly, your obedient servant,
THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER,
Brigadier-General,Commanding.
Lieut. C. STUART DRAPER,
Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division.
HEADQUARTERS MEAGHER'S BRIGADE,
RICHARDSON'S DIVISION, SUMNER'S CORPS, A.P.,
In Camp at Harrison's Landing, James River, Va.
July 2,1862.
GENERAL: In obedience to your order that I should report to you as the officer in superior
command of the Union troops engaged in the action which took place yesterday I have the honor to submit to you the following
statement of the circumstances in which the brigade under my command participated and of which I was personally cognizant:
Shortly after 6 o'clock p.m., being seated at the headquarters of General E.V. Sumner, commanding the corps d'armée in which my
brigades is incorporated, being ordered to do so by that officer, I dispatches two of my aides, Lieut. John J.Gosson, of the
Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers (the first regiment of the brigade), and Lieut. Temple Emmett, of the Eighty-eighth New York
Volunteers (the fourth regiment of the brigade), with orders to hurry up the four regiments composing the brigade, and to advance
them as quickly as possible to the front, and to report to you. These regiments, being the Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers, the
Sixty-third New York Volunteers, the Eighty-eighth New York Volunteers, and the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, which has
been recently assigned to the brigade, had been in position in line of battle from an early hour, occupying and extending along a
ravine to the right of the headquarters of Sumner's corps, and so protecting in some measure the right flank of the army, which
was still further and efficiently protected by the divisions under the command of Generals Sedgwick and Smith.
The line occupied by the regiments under my command along this ravine was held by them with marked coolness and firmness under an
incessant however of shell and round shot from the batteries of the enemy, and it is but simple justice for me to say that under
an unremitting fire of some hours they exhibited a composure and steadiness which was only equaled by their eagerness to engage
the enemy more actively and immediately. The orders communicated by the aides I have mentioned were promptly and enthusiastically
obeyed. Advancing from the ravine by a flank march they deployed into line of battle in the field immediately in front of the
headquarters of General Sumner, the Sixty-ninth, under the command of Col. Robert Nugent, forming the first line of attack; the
Eighty-eighth, under the command of Maj. James Quinlan, forming the second line; the Sixty-third, under the command of Col. John
Burke, forming the third line, and the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, being under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
Barnes, forming the fourth line, Col. Ebenezer Pierce having been previously wounded whilst coolly and gallantly sustaining his
regiment in their position on the previous day at the passage of the White Oak Swamp in support of Hazzard's battery, and in
co-operation with the other regiments of the brigade.
The advance of the regiments with a rapid step, displaying their colors, was marked by an alacrity and enthusiasm which found
their expression in vehement cheers, which had the effect of rallying several fragments of regiments that had, after bravely
sustaining themselves under an overpowering fire, been forced to retire from the front. A few minutes previous to our entering
upon the immediate scene of action my brigade had the good fortune to meet you, general, accompanied by your staff, and you will
permit me to say even in this report,which is addressed particularly to you, that your presence and directions were such as to
increase the ardor and render still more efficient the disposition of the regiment, for whose good name and success I was at that
moment responsible.
Closely under the fire of the enemy we were met by Brigadier-General Butterfield, who, grasping the distinctive green flag of the
leading regiment of the brigade, exhibited the ardor of a general who was personally interested in its honor, and thereby renewed
and re-excited the spirit of the advance. Coming in contact with the enemy, the Sixty-ninth poured in an oblique fire upon them
with a rapid precision and an incessant vigor which had the effect of almost instantly staggering and silencing for some moments
a fire which seemed to be almost overwhelming.
In the mean while the Eighty-eighth were thrown forward to the left of the Sixty-ninth, and their rapid and impetuous movement
had the effect of outflanking the enemy and perfecting the success which the Sixty-ninth had already to so important an extent
achieved. The oblique line thus formed by these two regiments was maintained with decisive resolution until the enemy fell back
from the range of fire.
The other two regiments of the brigade (the Sixty-third New York Volunteers and the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers) firmly
preserved the second line of attack under a fire which was all the more trying to them inasmuch as they were not in a position to
return or resist it, but at this time I ordered up the Twenty-ninth to support Major Robertson's battery. Shortly after an
officer, who represented and stated himself to be an aide of General McClellan, rode up to me, and desired me earnestly to detail
one of my regiments to accompany and support a battery of artillery, which was then going to relieve another, the ammunition of
which had been exhausted.
Having only the Sixty-third at my disposal for this duty I at once ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Fowler to accompany and support the
battery in question. Col. John Burke, commanding the Sixty-third, having been severely wounded immediately on our coming under
the musketry of the enemy and taken to the rear, the command of his regiment devolved on Lieutenant-Colonel Fowler. This officer,
however, undertook to disobey the order I issued to support the battery, alleging that he was under special orders issued by you,
general, and that mine were consequently without weight. Seeing the importance of having a strong support to the battery,which
was rapidly proceeding, to establish the success of the day, and having no doubt whatever that the officer representing himself
as an aide of the general-in-chief had the authority which he professed to have, I insisted on Lieutenant-Colonel Fowler
immediately executing the order I had given. He refusing to do so, I at once placed him under arrest, and directed Captain
O'Neil, the next senior officer of the regiment, to assume the command, and to have the disputed order instantly complied with. I
feel extremely gratified in being able to inform you that under the command of Captain O'Neil the gallant Sixty-third promptly
supported the battery, which but for them would have been left without support, and standing by it until its work was done, it
was withdrawn by orders from the general commanding the corps. They sustained it ably and devotedly.
Night had fallen and darkness had almost obliterated the lines of the contending forces, the desperate fire of which was still
violently maintained, when Colonel Nugent, coming up to me, declared his inability to maintain his position much longer, his
ammunition being exhausted and his arms rendered well-nigh unserviceable from the incessant firing of his men, and he begged of
me at once to have his ammunition replenished and his regiment relieved until such time as his fire-arms would be so sufficiently
cooled as to render them efficient. My aides being at the time with the other regiments of the brigade I did not hesitate to go
at once, and as speedily as it was possible for me to ride to the headquarters of the general commanding the corps, with the view
of obtaining what seemed to me an important relief for General Nugent and his brave and brilliant regiment. On my way to these
headquarters I had the good fortune of meeting Colonel ---, of General McClellan's staff, who most kindly accompanied me to
General Sumner. The general directed me, in case the firing had completely ceased and all was tranquil and assured in front, to
withdraw all the regiments of my brigade and re-establish them in the position they occupied previous to their advance upon the
enemy. Shortly after 9 o'clock p.m. I withdrew my brigade, in conformity with this order, finding everything perfectly
satisfactory in front of our line, and our officers and men, despite of the fatigue and excitement they had undergone, in high
confidence and spirits. This, general, is all that I have to relate in connection with my brigade serving your command during the
afternoon of the 1st of July.
In justly reporting to you the excellent conduct of the brigade which I have the honor to command, the eagerness with which it
rushed to the conflict, and the steadiness and fearlessness with which it bore itself under the closing fire of the enemy that
day, I have to mention with sincere and deep regret that the brigade sustained in the death and disabling of many brave officers
and men a loss which as yet it is not in my power accurately to estimate. The list of casualties will be furnished as speedily as
it is possible to render it exact. In the mean time it is with a good deal of pride, mingled with pain, that I have to mention
the wounding of Colonel Burke, of the Sixty-third, so seriously as to incapacitate him and deprive his regiment and the brigade
of his intelligent and faithful service, whilst leading his men into the battle-field. With a pride and pain no less sincere and
heartfelt I have to report that Capt. Joseph O'Donoghue, of Company C, Eighty-eighth Regiment; Lieut. Reynolds, of Company
A,Sixty-ninth Regiment,and Lieut. Francis J.Hackett, of the Eighty-eighth, are amongst those zealous and brave young officers who
suffered most severely in the action.
There are many deaths amongst the men, of which I think it my duty to make especial mention of that of Sergeant Haggerty, of the
Sixty-ninth, whose brother, Lieutenant-Colonel Haggerty, fell at the head of the Sixty-ninth New York Militia at the battle of
Manassas, and whose noble example of patriotism and soldiership it was the passion of Sergeant Haggerty to emulate.
In closing this report I have to acknowledge with grateful satisfaction the energetic and gallant conduct of Capt. William H.
Hogan, Lieuts. John J.Gosson and Temple Emmett, whose labors on the field in directing and sustaining the movements of the
brigade were incessant and most effective.
Lieut. James B. Turner, also of my staff, having asked permission to rejoin his company in the Eighty-eighth, behaved in a manner
which was in admirable keeping with the brilliant character of the chivalrous young regiment.
The bearing of Colonel Nugent, of the Sixty-ninth, was a guarantee, whilst it was an inspiration from the resolute and resistless
bravery of his regiment Maj. James Quinlan, who commanded the Eighty-eighth Regiment, proved himself fully worthy of the command
which devolved upon him.
But I must confine this enumeration of gallant officers who pre-eminently distinguished themselves on the occasion to those whose
official position in the brigade renders it no disparagement to others to have them specially mentioned.
THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER,
Brigadier-General.
General E.V.SUMNER,
Commanding Second Corps d'Armée.