Endnotes for Chapter XIV
1 See Chapter XIII, p. 415.
2 The board, headed by Rear Adm. A. J. Hepburn, was named under Congressional authorization of May 1938. Its report is discussed in Morison, The Rising Sun in the Pacific, Vol. III of History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II, pp. 32-34, and in Kittredge, U. S. Defense Policies.
3 Personal Ltr, Gen Marshall to the President, 22 Nov 39, WPI) 3512-50.
4 Memo, prepared in OCS for SW signature, for the President, 2 Apr 40, unsigned and not sent, OCS 21209-5, copy in WPD 3512-58.
5 Memo, ACofS WPD (Strong) for CofS, 20 Apr 40, sub: Alaska, WPD 3512-59. See also "Statement furnished Col. Loughry" for use before HR committee, signed "J. W. A. [ Col Anderson] 3/7/40 WPD 3512-55. See also Memo, OCS for ACofS WPD, 16 May 40, sub: Dispatch of Forces, signed by Lt Col Omar N. Bradley, Asst SGS, OCS 14943-22.
6 (1) Memo, OCS for G-3 G- 4, and WPD, 27 May 40, no sub, signal by Lt Col Orlando Ward, SGS, OCS 14943-21. Copy in WPD 3512-59. (2) Memo, CofS for G-3 G-4. WPD, QMG, CofAC, 28 May 40, sub: Plan for Development of Defenses, copy in WPD 3512-60. (3) Memo, G-4 for "All other interested WD Agencies," 29 May 40, G-4 304.36-13, copy in WPD 3512-59. See also Ltr, WPD to CG Fourth Army, 18 May 40, sub: Dispatch of Forces to Alaska, and specifically ist ind of CG Fourth Army, 31 May 40, all in WPD 4297. The indorsement vigorously urged sending "without delay" a reinforced regiment to Anchorage, with a view to splitting it into combat teams, if necessary, for Dutch Harbor and Kodiak.
7 Memo, ACofS WPD (Strong) for CofS, 17 Jun 40, sub: Designation of Commander of U. S. Troops in Alaska, WPD 3572-62, appd with modification by CofS, 18 Jun 40. See also WD Ltr (TAG), 25 Jun 40, sub: Designation of Commander, AG 320.2 (6-17-40) M-A, and Ltr, CG Fourth Army to Col Buckner, 9 Jun 40, sub: Duties and Responsibilities, copy in WPD 3512-62. For General Buckner's work on Okinawa see, in this series of volumes, Roy L. Appleman, James M. Burns, Russell A. Gugeler, and John Stevens, Okinawa: The Last Battle.
8 JB 312, see 650, 14 Aid; 40, sub: Defense of the Naval Bases, copy in WPD 3512-68.
9 Ltr, TAG to CG, IX Corps Area, 24 Sep 40, sub: Augmentation of Anchorage, AG 320.2 (9-12-40) M-C-M, and Memo, Lt Col S. El. Sherrill (WPD) for ACofS WPD, 30 Sep 40, sub: Garrisons in Alaska, WPD 3512-82. See also Memo, WPD (Strong) for Gen. Marshall, 9 Oct 40, Units in Alaska, W PD 3615-75.
10 Memo, WPD for G-3, 25 Nov 40, sub: Light Tanks for Alaska Defense, WPD 3512-81, and Memo, WPD for TAG, 21 Dec 40, sub: Reinforcement for Alaska, WPD 4297-1.
11 Memo, ACofS WPD for G-2, 18 Jan 41, sub: Estimate of Situation-Alaska, and G-2 response, 27 Jan 41, both in WPD 4297-2.
12 Memo, Lt Col R. W. Crawford for (WPD) Gen Gerow, 3 Feb 41, no sub, WPD 4297-2.
13 (1) Memo, Gen Marshall to CNO, 11 Feb 41, sub: Alaskan Bases,. OCS 14943-39, copy in WPD 3512-87, which refers to Ltr from CNO of 7 Feb 41. (2) Memo, WPD for CofS, 15 Mar 41, sub: Reinforcements for Alaska, appd by CofS, WPD 4297-1. (3) Memo, CofS for CNO, 16 Apr 41, sub: Alaskan Bases, same file as (1).
14 (1) Memo, ACofS WPD for TAG, 3 Jul 41, sub: Alaskan Situation, WPD 3512-119 (Rad for Fourth Army CG). (2) Memo, ACofS WPD for CofS, 26 Jun 41, appd by DCofS 9 July 41, WPD 4297-1. (3) Memo, WPD for TAG, 9 Jul 41, sub: Status of Troops, WPD 3512-120. (4) Memo, WPD for CofS, 2 Aug 41, Status of Garrisons, WPD 4564. (5) Strength of the Army (STM-30) data.
15 (1) Memo, WPD for CofS, 11 Jul 41, sub: Alaskan Security, WPD 4297-3 (not used). (2) Personal Ltr, Gen Marshall to Gen Buckner, 23 Sep 41, OCS 14943-60, copy in WPD 4297-6.
16 (1) Memo, WPD for CofS, 4 Oct 41, sub: Alaskan Situation, WPD 3522-125, copy in OCS 14943-64. It refers to Ltr, CNO to CofS, 21 Aug, and CofS's acknowledgment, 30 Aug. (2) Memo, Gen Marshall for CNO, 18 Oct 41, sub: Offshore Patrols in Alaska, OCS 14943-64.
17 (1) Memo, CofAS for TAG, 22 Nov 41, sub: Alaskan Situation. (2) Same for same, 28 Nov 41, sub: Air Defense of Alaska, appd by Marshall, 3 Dec 41. Both in OCS 14943-69. See also Memo, Lt Col C. C. Dusenberry to ACofS G-2, 1 Dec 41, sub: Visit to Alaska, WPD 3512-148, and Memo, Lt Col Nelson M. Walker for ACofS G-3, 5 Dec 41, sub: Report of Observation, WPD 3512-146.
18 From personal Ltr, Gen Marshall to Gen Short, 7 Feb 41, WPD 4449-1.
19 From personal Ltr, Mai Gen Daniel Van Voorhis to Gen Marshall, 24 Jun 40, WPD 4326.
20 (1) Memo, ACofS WPD (Strong) for TAG, 22 Aug 39, sub: Immediate Action Measures, European War, WPD 4191- 3. (2) Memo, ACofS G-3 for TAG, 26 Aug 39, sub: Movement of Reinforcements, G-3/41309, COPY in WPD 4191-3. (3) Ltr, CG Panama Canal Dept to TAG, 26 Aug 39, sub: Estimates, copy in WPD 4191-3. (4) Memo, ACofS G-4 for TAG, 1 Sep 39, sub: Immediate Action Measures, G-4/20686-30, copy in WPD 4191-3. See also Memo, ACofS G-3 for G-1, G-2, G-4, and WPD, 5 Sep 39, sub: Reinforcements for Puerto Rico and Panama with accomp tables, G-3/41309, copy in WPD 4191-3.
21 Ltr, Gen Van Voorhis to TAG, 12 Feb 40, sub: Air Defense of the Panama Canal Dept, copy in WPD 4270. In same file is Memo, WPD for CofS, 17 Apr 40, sub: Panama Canal Defense Project, accepting Gen Van Voorhis' conclusions. It provides useful background for a study of events leading to Pearl Harbor indicating the War Department's proper concern v :h the necessity of erecting better defenses in Panama as well as Hawaii.
22 Brief of WPD recommendations in a 15-page study, also study itself in form of Memo, WPD for CofS, 17 Apr 40, WPD 4270. General Marshall approved the WPD recommendations on 20 April 1940.
23 Memo, WPD for TAG, 17 Jun 40, sub: Defense Precautions, ordering radiogram to CG, Panama Canal Dept, WPD 4326. In same file is Marshall-Van Voorhis message, next mentioned.
24 Rad 484, Van Voorhis to CofS, 20 Jun 40, WPD 4326.
25 Personal Ltr, Van Voorhis to Marshall, 24 Jun 40, WPD 4326. This file also contains a personal Memo, Gen Marshall for Gen Strong, 3 Jul 40, providing an incomplete draft of a Memo for Admiral Stark (which Gen Strong was to complete) and copy of resultant personal Memo for Admiral Stark, dated only "July - 1940."
26 Sec n. 25.
27 Memo, ACofS WPD for CofS, 19 Dec 40, sub: Caribbean Defense Command, appd by Gen Marshall 4 Jan 41, copy in WPD 4440-1. See also personal Ltr, Marshall to Van Voorhis, 4 Jan 41, and TAG to Van Voorhis, 10 Feb 41, same file.
28 (1) Memo, WPD for TAG, 22 Apr 41, sub: Organization of the Caribbean Defense Command, copy in WPD 4440-8. (2) Memo, G-3 for WPD, 24 Apr 41, sub: Station, Hq Carib Def Comm, G-3/44587, copy in WPD 4440-7- (3) Memo, ACofS WPD for CofS, 8 May 41, same sob, disapproved by Marshall 14 May 41, copy in WPD 4440-7 with related papers.
29 WD Special Orders 219, 19 Sep 41, par. 2, copy in WPD 4440-16. See also Ltr, TAG to CofS GHQ, 15 Nov 41, sub: Command of U. S. Army Forces in the Caribbean, AG 320.2 (11-8-41) MC-E-M, copy in WPD 4440-23. This placed GHQ over the CDC, in a command relationship which will be discussed in a later volume.
30 Personal Ltr, Marshall to Van Voorhis, 4 Jan 41, copy in WPD 4440-1.
31 (1) Personal Ltr, Marshall to Van Voorhis, 5 Mar 41, copy in WPD 4440-5 and in AG 320.2 (4-15-41). (2) Reply, 12 Mar 41, copy in AG 320.2 (4-15-41).
32 (1) Personal Ltr, Marshall to Van Voorhis, 9 Apr 41, copy in WPD 4440-5. (2) Memo, WPD for CofS, 15 Apr 41, sub: Air Defense Command, Panama, AG 320.2 (4-15-41), copy in WPD 4270-8. Appd by DCofS (Bryden), 28 Apr 41, noted by CofS. (3) Ltr, TAG to CG Panama Canal Dept, 28 Apr 41, sub: Air Defense Command, Panama, AG 320.2 (4-15-41) M-WPD. (4) Report of Col Lynd, GSC, to WPD, 1 May 41, sub: Defense Installations in Panama Canal Dept, WPD 4452-3.
33 Ind on TAG Ltr of 28 Apr, by CG Panama Canal Dept, 7 May 41, AG 320.2 (4-15-41).
34 Personal Ltr, Marshall to Van Voorhis, 12 Jun 41, copies in OCS 17611-38, in WPD 4270-8, and in AG 320.2 (4-15-41). It was prepared by General Marshall personally.
35 (1) Memo, WPD for CofS, 24 Jul 41, sub: Effectiveness of Sabotage Measures, Panama Canal Dept, copy in WPD 4129-19. (2) Personal Ltr, Marshall to Admiral Stark, 25 Jul 41, same file. (3) Memo, Van Voorhis for TAG, 23 Jul 41, sub: Naval Assistance, with long summary of incidents on Navy relationships 1940-41, AG 660.2 PC Dept (7-23-41). (4) WPD ist ind to same, 5 Aug 41, same file.
36 (1) Ltr, Van Voorhis to TAG, 17 Sep 41, sub: Local Joint Board Report on Surveillance, AG 600.2 PC Dept (7-23-41). (2) Personal Ltr, Gen Andrews to Gen Marshall, 26 Sep 41, copy in WPD 4440-20 and reply thereto, 13 Oct 41, same file.
37 Memo, G-3 for CofS, 19 Nov 41, sub: Analysis of Personnel, with atchd tabulation, G-3/43904, copy in OCS 16374-32.
38 Memo, JB for SW and SN, 18 Dec 19, sub: Strategy of the Pacific, signed by Gen P. C. March, senior member, JB 325, ser 28-d.
39 Memo, TAG for CG Hawaiian Dept, 3 Jan 20, sub: Revision of Defense Projects and Plans, AGO 660.2 Hawaiian Dept, Mix Div, CD of Oahu, 1-3-20, Nat Archives.
40 Memo, JB for SW, 19 May 36, sub: Mission, United States Force, Hawaiian Islands, signed by Admiral W. H. Standley, senior member, JB 325, ser 580, copy in WPD 3878-1. The Orange Plan of 29 Jan 25 is found in AG 230.
41 Rpt of Col E. M. Markham to CofS, 10 Jan 38, WPD 3878-6.
42 Memo, ACofS WPD (Strong) for CofS, 11 Dec 39, sub: Aircraft Warning Service, appd by CofS 16 Dec 39, AG 660.2 AA (3-10-39), copy in WPD 3640-3. It quotes at length the 1935 General Staff study referred to. See also Ltr, TAG to CG Haw Dept, 15 Dec 39, sub: Aircraft Warning System, AG 676.3 (12-15-39) M-WPD. For JPC exploratory study of April 39 see JB 325, ser 634.
43 Memo, CG Haw Dept for TAG, 17 Apr 40, sub: Aircraft Warning System, with accompanying board report, AG 676.3 (12-15-39). It was approved with modifications as shown by TAG ind, 27 Jun 40 (signed Adams).
44 Rad 428, TAG to Herron, 17 Jun 40, filed as directive for Strong to TAG, same date, sub: Defense Precautions, WPD 4322. Same file has copies of succeeding radios mentioned, also of unsent letter of Marshall to Herron, 27 Jun 40, and latter's 15 Oct 40 memo. No orders formally terminating the alert ever carne from Washington. It was successively modified downward by General Herron.
45 See n. 44.
46 (1) Summary of nation-wide AWS plans in Memo, ACofS WPD (Strong) for CofS, 31 Jul 41, appd 2 Aug by DCofS (signed Bradley), copy in WPD 3640-13. (2) Rad, Herron to TAG, 8 Oct 40, WPD 1928-27. (3) Memo ACofS WPD for COPS, 7 Oct 40, sub: Immediate Reinforcement of Hawaii, WPD 3444-4 (4) Unsigned "Surmises On Insular Operations," 12 Nov 40, filed with Ltr, Marshall to Herron, 28 Nov 40, which refers to it, WPD 3878-8. (5) Ltr, Herron to Marshall, 25 Nov 40, is referred to in latter's reply, 2 Jan 41, WPD 3878-9. (6) Memo, Herron for TAG, 18 Dec 40, sub: Funds for Aircraft Warning Service, AG 676._; (12-15-39), found as answer to a TAG indorsement of 27 Jun 40 filed in AG 676.3 (4-t7-40) M-WPD. It apparently has been removed from the AG 676.3 file which originally held it. A copy so marked is on page 128 of a most useful "Resume of Papers in War Department Bearing Significantly on Events at Pearl Harbor, Dec 7, 1941," prepared by Current Group OPD WDSS, 11 Nov 44 (hereafter cited as Résumé). Copy in OPD History Unit file, items 7a and 7b.
47 In Rear Adm. C. C. Bloch's discussion before the Roberts Commission of the resources at his disposal on 7 December none of these 180 is mentioned. See also Résumé. p. 23.
48 Cited in Résumé, p. 134, as Memo, G-2 Far East Section (Lt Col R. S. Bratton) for Col Charles Mason, 28 Ian 41, sub: Report of Japanese Intention, filed in G-2 Classified Material for 1941 Jap Empire file. Sec also dispatch, CNO to CINCPAC, 1 Feb 41, sub: Rumored Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, cited in Pearl Harbor Report, P. 77.
49 See Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 39, Report o/ Army Pearl Harbor Bd., p. 73.
50 General Marshall's testimony, 7 Apr 44, in Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 27, Proceedings of the Army Pearl Harbor Board, p. 32.
51 Ltr, SN to SW, 24 Jan 41, copy in WPD 3583-1, with SW reply of 7 Feb 41. See also Ltr, Admiral Kimmel to CNO, 18 Feb 41, cited in Pearl Harbor Attack . . . Report, p. 78, saying "I feel that a surprise attack (submarine, air, or combined) on Pearl Harbor is a possibility."
52 Personal Ltr, Marshall to Short, 7 Feb 41, WPD 4449-1.
53 Personal Ltr, Short to Marshall, 19 Feb 41, AG 381 (2-19-41), accompanied by letters and memos to appropriate subordinates on the eight subjects referred to. Note also General Short's energy and acceptance of responsibility in pressing study of installations other than his own, as shown in Memo, Short to TAG, 18 Feb 41. sub: Defense of Naval Air Station, AG 381 (2-18-41). With regard to getting Navy to extend its landing strips for B-17 use, see personal Ltr, Short to Marshall, 25 Jul 41, WPD 2550.
54 Rad 2310, Short to TAG, 28 Feb 42, referring to a letter from his predecessor of 3 Jan 41, both filed in AG 676.3 (12-15-39) as are later letters and radios to and fro during the next month, revealing the necessity of tenacity in getting access to the site needed for this essential installation. The reproach on failure to "appreciate the seriousness" is in Rad, Short to TAG, Honolulu number 2339,5 Mar 42. The personal letter to General Marshall was dated 6 March 1941. General Marshall's telephone conversation was recalled to the author in 1949 by General Ward, who in 1941 was Secretary of the General Staff.
55 (1) Personal Ltr, Marshall to Short, 5 Mar 42, copies in AG 660.2 (3-5-41) and WPD 4271-1. (2) Reply, 15 Mar 41, AG: 660.2 (3-5-41). (3) Personal Ltr, Marshall to Short, 28 Mar 42, WPD 4271-1.
56 (1) Personal Ltr, Short to Marshall, 14 Apr 41, supporting radio request, AG 601.5 (4-14-41). (2) Rad, Honolulu 2755, Short to Marshall, 1 May. See also Memo, Actg CofAC to ACofS WPD, 29 Apr 41, sub: Dispersal and Protection of Aircraft. Both in Résumé.
57 From a summary of statements by General Gerow before the Military Commission, 18 Dec 41, gathered as WPD 4268-2 but no longer filed there: it is copied to Resume, pp. 478-97, especially pp. 489ff. Sec also tabulated summary of Army and Navy resources in Pearl Harbor Attack . . . Report, pp. 66ff. Total personnel in Hawaiian Department as of 30 Nov 41 is placed at 43,182 in the unpublished report of SW for 1942, filed in lust Sec, AGO.
58 (1) SOP Ltr of Haw Dept, 14 Jul 41, cited in Memo, DCofS (Arnold) for CofS, 7 Oct 41, sub: Standard Operating Procedure, Haw Dept, copy in Resume, p. 331. (2) Ltr, Marshall to Short, to Oct 41, OCS 19741-62. (3) Ltr, Short to Marshall, 14 Oct 41, referred to in Ltr, Marshall to Short, 28 Oct 41, same file. (4) Personal Ltr, CofAAF to Martin, 25 Sep 41, AG 320.2 (10-7-41). (5) Martin's reply, 3 Nov 41, and Arnold's personal letter in reply, 27 Nov 41, arc both found in the Resume, pp. 357-60 and 414.
59 Memo, Asst AG Haw Dept (Grosse) for TAG, 14 Apr 41, sub: Air Defense of Pearl Harbor, AG 381 (1-24-41) (1). Annex VII is found in AG 601.5/4-14-41, as is the joint Estimate of Army and Navy air action, signed by Rear Adm P. L. M. Bellinger, Commdr Naval Base Defense Air Force, and Maj Gen F. L. Martin, CG Haw AF, 31 Mar 41. Both are included in Exhibit 44 of joint Committee Investigation and discussed on p. 83ff. of Pearl Harbor Attack . . . Report.
60 See n. 59. This estimate is emphasized in Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 39, Report of Army Pearl Harbor Bd., p. 75.
61 Memo, Actg ACofS Will) fur TAG, 21 Aug 41, directing distribution of 18 copies of the joint Coastal Frontier Defense plan, including one to CG Haw Dept, Will) 4175-18. The pertinent part of the plan is paragraph 30 b, Category of Defense, quoted on p. 274 of Résumé.
62 This series of events is mentioned in Ch. IV, pp. 105-06, of this volume.
63 Navy Will) drafted such a plan, with Army concurrence on 28 May. As Rainbow 4 it was adopted by joint Board on 7 June and approved by SW and SN on 13 Jun 40-the celerity of action suggesting how urgent the military felt the situation to be.
64 See Chapter XII.
65 JPC report of 28 Aug 40, plus 3 Sep 40 appendix, is in WPD 4351-5.
66 The first rough estimate proposed: Newfoundland, $34,050,600; Bermuda, $23,689,100; Bahamas, $2,409,500; Jamaica, $41,552,600; Antigua, $2,409,500; St. Lucia, $2,409,500; Trinidad, $95,660,100; British Guiana, $2,409,100. With a reserve fund of $10,429,600 for engineering, etc., the total amounted to approximately $215,000,000. The Trinidad estimate was materially reduced as the October and November reports of the Greenslade Board were received, but for months the largest of the new garrisons was at that uncomfortable post. See Memo, CofEngrs for TAG, and other estimates in WPD 4351-1 to 7 inclusive.
67 Data on an unsigned and undated computation, with marginal notations indicating a probable increase for Newfoundland, filed in WPD 4351-47.
68 The board was announced on 18 August 1940 at the White House. Its first meeting was held in Ottawa on 26 August, with General Embick, Colonel McNarney, and Maj. (later Brig. Gen.) Charles K. Gailey, Jr., as the American members. Its first draft of a joint defense plan, completed on 11 September 1940, was approved by Messrs. Roosevelt and King as a basis for future work. See related papers in WPD 4330.
69 At each base the garrison's arrival was preceded by that of a temporary Marine guard. Papers recording these plans and the operation itself are in WPD 4351.
70 Memo, SW for President, 3 Apr 41, sub: Defense of Atlantic Bases, with answering notation signed "FDR;" WPD 4351-8. For reasons not appearing in the record the decision to reinforce Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Trinidad in April 1941 was cleared with Mr. Churchill who on 8 April sent a letter to the U. S. Ambassador in London indicating agreement with the plan. This letter is quoted in Memo, Actg ACofS WPD for CofS, 11 Apr 41, sub: Immediate Garrisons . . ., with marginal note "To Secretary of War, GCM," in WPD 4351-99. An earlier Memo, WPD for CofS, 5 Apr 41, same sub, in WPD 4351-92, Tabs A to G, lists the British defenses then in Newfoundland (one battalion of one thousand Canadians, one flight Canadian bomber reconnaissance, 356 members of Newfoundland Militia); in Bermuda (one British infantry company, two battalions Bermuda Militia artillery); in Trinidad (three batteries of four 6-inch guns, two 4.7-inch guns, four 3-inch guns).
71 Memo, ACof5 WPD for Senior U. S. Army member, PJB, 28 Mar 41, sub: 100 Octane Gasoline. . . Newfoundland Airport, and related papers, WPD 4351-9.
72 This unexpected and soon-abandoned decision at the White House is dealt with in Chapter Xl, pp. 362ff.
73 Compiled by Returns Sec, Misc Div, AGO, from radio reports from bases, AG 320.2 (11-30-41) MRN.
74 From previously quoted notes of conference in office of CofS, 20 Sep 41, copy of which is in WPD 4594.
75 Memo, JPC to CNO and CofS, 28 Aug 40, sub: Base Sites, WPD 4351-5.
76 Tabulation following recommendation of Bd of Experts, 25 Sep 40, WPD 4351-7.
77 Memo, Actg ACofS WPD for CofS, 6 Nov 40, sub: Air Corps Units, WPD 4351-25. A temporary contingent of 100 Marines went to Bermuda in January 1941; the first Army troops (852) arrived on 30 April 1941.
78 Photostat of schedule of "approved garrisons," dated 15 Oct 41, WPD 4351-176.
79 Memo, CNO for Admiral Greenslade, undated but bearing penciled notation "Dec 19 1940," copy in WPD 4351-59.
80 (1) Memo, Actg ACofS G-3 for WPD, 25 Jan 41, sub: Army Bases in British Possessions, G-3/43310, copy in WPD 4351-11. (2) Memo, SW for President, 30 Jan 41, same file.
81 Memo, Actg ACofS WPD for ACofS G-1, 30 Sep 41, sub: Garrison of Jamaica Base Command, WPD 4351-11.
82 Memo, Actg ACofS WPD for CofS, 5 Jun 41, sub: Selection of a Naval and Air Base Site in the Bahamas, WPD 4351-18.
83 Memo, President for SW and SN, 23 May 41, WPD 4351-18.
84 Memo, Actg ACofS WPD for CofS, 16 Jul 41, sub: JB 309, ser 682, WPD 4351-18, and same for same, 11 Sep 41, Selection of . . . Base in the Bahamas, WPD 4351-18.
85 Compiled by Returns Sec, Misc Div, AGO, AG 320.2 (11-30-41) M-R-M.
86 Memo, ACofS WPD (Strong) for CofS, 15 May 39, relating to SIR 119, WPD 4173.
87 Related papers in WPD 4173-1 refer to an August 1940 flight of exploration by Capt. Julius K. Lacy, Air Corps. The Northland report, dated 16 Jan 41, is in this same file; copy of the State Department minutes of a 6 Feb 41 meeting with the Canadian Minister is in WPD 4173-2.
88 Memo, SW for TAG, 8 Mar 41, sub: Orders for Greenland Survey Party, WPD 4173-8.
89 Ltr, SW to President, 2 Apr 41, with marginal note as quoted in part, signed "GCM:" WPD 4173-16. Agreement with the Danish minister for the defense installation was signed on 9 Apr 41, WPD 4273-30.
90 Memo, TAG for CofAC, 7 Apr 41, sub: Aviation Facilities in Greenland, AG 580 (4-2-41) M-F.
91 (1) Memo, ACofS WPD for CofS, 12 Apr 41, sub: Garrison for Construction . . . in Greenland, appd by CofS 18 Apr 41, WPD 4173-23. (2) Same for same, 26 Apr 41, sub: Greenland, WPD 4173-33(3) Actual sailing report of 17 Jun, WPD 4173-68.
92 (1) Memo, ACofS WPD for TAG, 17 Jun 41, sub: Greenland Defense Forces, WPD 4273-70. (2) Same for same, 10 Jul 41, sub: Command . . . in Greenland, WPD 4173-95.
93 Memo, WPD for COB, 24 Sep 41, sub: Defense of Cryolite, WPD 4173-111.
94 Cables, CO, Bluie, West One, to Div Eng, 2 Oct 41, WPD 4173-70, and CO, Bluie, West Fight, to TAG, 23 Jan 42, WPD 4173-153.
95 Memo, Gerow for Cof5, accompanying draft of Ltr, SW to Secy State, 10 Feb 41, acknowledging ltr and dispatch from Reykjavik, WPD 4493.
96 In Chapter XII. These actions included the reconnaissance voyage of U. S. S. Niblack, resulting in its indecisive engagement with a U-boat on 10 April 1941, the first engagement of U. S. and German armed forces in World War II.
97 As it worked out, this was a brigade that had been rushed across the country for an expected warm-weather operation via the Caribbean and that was surprised by finding itself reclothed in woolens and shipped to Iceland. See Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, p. 75.
98 Memo, Actg ACofS WPD (Malony) for CofS, 30 Apr 41, sub: Dispatch of Army Observers to Iceland, WPD 4493-1.
99 See JB 325, ser 697-2, Indigo-2, and related papers in WPD 4493-41 to 66; also copy of order, CNO to CG First Mar Brig, 16 Jun 41, WPD 4493-17; also Memo, ACofS WPD (Gerow) for GOES, 25 Jun 41, sub: Navy Operation Indigo, bearing initials GCM, same file.
100 Memo, Gen Chaney for CofS, 19 Jun 41, sub: Report on Reconnaissance, an 8-page document accompanied by 9 annexes for the several arms and branches, WPD 4493-17.
101 See Chapter VII. See also Memo, Gcrow through TAG for Special Observer, London, 5 Jul 41, sub: Indigo Relief, announcing Legislative plan, WPD 4493-37.
102 HR Document 307, 77th Cong, 1st less, copy in WPD 4493-45. Sec also Morison, Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 74-77.
103 Memo, Actg ACofS WPD for CofS, 3 Jul 41, sub: Indigo, WPD 4493-40.
104 Memo, G-4 (Reybold) for WPD, 25 Jun 41, sub: Limitations Governing Indigo Plan, WPD 4493-38
105 Memo, Gen Gerow through TAG for Special Observer, London, 2 Jul 41, sub: Forces Indigo, WPD 4493-34. Incidentally, by this time the "secret" planning was becoming widely known. A GHQ officer visiting the 5th Division in Tennessee was asked by several officers for further information; they knew the 5th was designated, and they knew where it was going, adding, "Everybody knows it; it was even announced on the radio." (See Memo, Maj Raymond for DCofS GHQ, 30 Jun 41, sub: Rumors Circulating in 5th Division, WPD 4493-32.
106 See Memo, Gerow through TAG for Special Observer, London, 16 Jul 41 and Memo, Gerow for CofS, 18 Jul 41, sub: Forces for Indigo, both in WPD 4493-50. See also JB 325, ser 697-3, 16 Aug 41, copy in WPD 4493-99.
107 (1) Presidential order of 22 Sep 41. (2) TAG to Gen Bonesteel, CG U. S. A. Forces in Iceland, 3 Oct 41, both in AG 370.5 (9-29-41) MC-E and in WPD 4493-95. (3) Ltr, CofS to Bonesteel, 2 Sep 41, sub: Instructions to the Commander of U. S. Forces in Iceland. (4) Ltr, Bonesteel to Marshall, 10 Oct 41, and reply, 13 Nov 41, both in WPD 4493-165. (5) Ltr, SW to Secy State (drafted in WPD), 15 Nov 41, AGO files, W D 370.5 (10-10-41) MC-E.
108 Ltrs, Marshall to Mahoney, 10 Oct 41, and Stimson to Vandenberg, 16 Oct 41, both drafted by Col Handy, WPD 4493-150-51.
109 Memo, CofS for President, 6 Sep 41, no sub, WPD 4493-125.
110 See Chapter XI.
111 (1) Ltr, Admiral Turner to General Gerow, 9 Oct 42. (2) Cable, Chancy to TAG, 10 Oct 41, sub: Indigo. Both in WPD 4493-152.
112 Relief of the Iceland garrison will be discussed in a later volume in the Chief of Staff series.
113 U. S. Army personnel at the Atlantic bases on 30 Nov 41 (these including the eight British bases, Greenland, and Iceland) was as follows: Bermuda 1,200, Trinidad 2,866, St. Lucia 275, Jamaica 334, Greenland 687, Newfoundland 2,383, Br. Guiana 288, Antigua 282, Bahamas o, Iceland 5,974. Figures compiled by Returns Section, Misc Div, AGO, in AGO 320.2 (11-30-41) M-R-M.
114 Memo. Acts; ACofS WPD (Gerow) for TAG, 23 Sep 41, sub: Forces for Aruba and Curacao, with SW direction of Ltr to CG CDC, AC: 320.2, Forces of Aruba and Curacao. See also reply of 12 Nov 41, same file.
115 (1) Ltr, Admiral Hoover to Admiral Stark, 7 Jan 42, bearing General Marshall's marginal note. (2) Telg, Huddleston to Secy State, 9 Jan 42. (3) Telg, GHQ (signed Marshall) to CG CDC, 10 Jan 42. (4) Memo, CG Carib. Air Force to TAG via CDC, 13 Jan 42, sub: Air Defense Organization. (5). Ltr, SW to President, 29 Jan 42. All in AG 320.2 Forces for Aruba and Curacao. The 1942 developments will be discussed in a later volume.
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