1 (1) ETO WAC I list, p. 7. (2) Cbl W3105, 20 Jun 43. WAAC 320.2 sec 5.

2 Memo, G-3 for CofS, 7 Jul 43. WDGCT 291.9 in CofS file and in MDW.

3 Related by Col. McCoskrie of a post commander in the Sixth Service Command.

4 (1) Project 24. WAAC Planning files (1943). (2) Army Fact Sheet, Women in Uniform, 10 May 43, WDBPR. WAAC Hist files. (3) Dorothy D. Bromley, New York Herald Tribute July 11, 1943.

5 Quotations in Dr. Dir WAAC to Edith bourse Rogers, 26 May 43. SPWA 000.7.

6 Rpt, Lt Col Hal P. Crane, GSC, to MPD ASF 12 May 43. SPWA 319.1.

7 Min of Conf, CGs of SvCs, Chicago, 22- 24 Jul 43.

8 Washington Post, July 10. 1943.

9 Mimeo Sheets, 10 Jul 43. 142 Spec Jobs and 406 Suitable Jobs, and 9 Jul 43, 155 WAAC Jobs and Over 400 Others Suitable.

10 Memo, Somervell to WD Decorations 13d, 15 Jan 44, sub: Award of DSM to Brig Gen Don C. Faith. Personnel Abstracts, WAC: files. OCMH.

11 Unless otherwise stated. all statistics in this and the following section are from two manila-bound typed booklets: (1) Info on WAAC, the Director's personal book of statistics, in the 1943 WAAC files, and (2) WAAC Pers Statistics. 6 Sep 43. 1943 WAAC files. See Table 3, Appendix A. for a breakdown of WAAC statistics.

12 Conditions in the Three Women's Services, pp. 49-52.

13 Memo, CofS for WAC: Rag Sec WDBPR, 26 Jan 44. CofS 324.5 WAC.

14 (1) Memo. Dir Pers SOS for CofAdm Serv, 20 42. SPGAO 322.5 WAAC, in SPWA 020. (2) Memo, WAAC OTI for WDBPR, 21 Apr 43. Vol. Policy, WAAC Hist file. SPWA 314.7.

15 Memo. "TS" for Dir WAAC. 15 Aug 42. SPWA 311.23.

16 Washington Times-Herald, May 1, 1943.

17 Washington Evening,- Star, February 3, 1943.

18 Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, August 8, 1945.

19 For WAAC clippings, see Vol. IV, WAAC Hist file, SPWA 314.7 (1942-43).

20 Ltr, Comdt 5th WAAC Tng Cen to Dir WAAC, 3 May 43, with atchd comment. SPWA 319.1.

21 Malvina Lindsay, in Washington Port, July 17, 1948.

22 Ltr, Chaplain Urban J. Baer, Ft Des Moines, to Dir WAAC. 9 Dec 42. SPWA 319. l2.

23 Photostat of anonymous Ltr to SW, 9 Jun 43. MID 322.12 WAAC (6- 9-43) (6-11-43)

24 (1) Ltr, Lt S.. ANC, to Rev. James MacKrell, Little Rock, Ark., 18 Jan 44, and atchd. Hobby files. (2) Memo. CG ASF for TIG, 2 Feb 44, with 3d Ind SGO to TIG, 9 Mar 44. SGO Hist Div Cl file 322.5-1.

25 Rpt cited n. 6.

26 Memo Chief CIC MIS, for Maj Gen George V. Strong (G-2), 19 Jul 43. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC.

27 Ibid., Des Moines Sec.

28 (1) Rpt, Stf Dir 4th AF, 2d SvC, and others. Min. Stf Dirs Conf. Chicago, 15-17 Jun 43. SPWA 337 (6-1 43). (2) Ltr, Dir WAC to all Stf Dirs, 13 Mar 43, incl Ltr from Mrs. Eliot Cross. SPWA 250.1 (3-12-43).

29 Ltr. 8th SvC to Dir WAAC, 3 Apr 43, incl comment of Maj Warner Bishop, Ft Humbug. Shreveport, La. SPWA 250.1. WAAC Headquarters, suspicious of this address, investigated and found Fort Humbug a legitimate Army district.

31 (1) Ltr, TAG to CG AAF, 10 Aug 43, sub: Authorization of WAAC Uniform for CAP Pen;. SPWA 421. (2) Ltr, 4th SvC to 3d SvC, 26 May 43. sub: Valley Forge Mil Academy, Wayne Pa., and Ind. SPWA 250.1 (4-3-43). (3) 1st Ind, WAAC Stf Dir to Dir WAAC, 11 Aug 43, to Memo, Chief of PM Br 3d SvC for Capt Rice, 11 Aug 43. SPWA 250.1 (4-3-43).

32 Ltr WAAC Hq to Legal Div OQMG, 14 May 43, and Ind. SPWA 421.

33 Photo adv, Evelyn Alden Fashions, 134 W. 37th St., New York, incl with Ind cited n. 31 (3).

34 Memo cited n. 31(3).

36 (1) 2d Ind, 19 Aug 43, to Memo cited n. 31(3). (2) D/F, MPD ASF for Dir WAAC, 1 Sep 43, atchd to same.

37 2d Ind, OQMG for Reqmts Div ASF, to Memo. Dir WAAC for Reqmts Div ASF, 16 Nov 93, sub: Redesigning of WAC Cap. SPWA 421.

38 (1) Memo. Dir WAAC for Dir of Adm ASF 18 May 43, with incl evidence: (2) 1st Ind, ASF for G-2, 22 May 43; (3) 3d Ind, G-2 for ASE G 2 MID 322.12 WAC (5-18-43).

39 Ltr G-2 to FBI, 9 Jun 43. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

40 (1) Weekly Intelligence Bull, MID, 11 Jun 43. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC. (2) Memo AAF Hq for Dir WAC, 5 Apr 45. WDWAC 330.14. (3) Exhibit D, Rpt, CIC to MIS, 19 Jul 93, sub: Origin of Rumors Concerning WAAC. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

41 (I) Des Moines Register, February 15, 1943, and AP release, February 17, 1943. (2) Press Release, 15 May 43, signed Stephen Early. Envelope, Roosevelt, F. D.. Statements by, WDBPR file of WAC Gp. (3) Text on new application form for enlistment, 31 May 43. SPWA 062.1.

42 Washington Times-Herald, June 8, 1943.

43 Memo, G-2 for Dir WAAC, 21 Aug 43, sub: Origin of Rumors Concerning Waacs. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

44 WD Pamphlet 35-1. 27 May 43, Sex Hygiene Course, Officers and Officer Candidates, WAAC.

45 Conditions in the Three Women's Services.

46 Memo, Chief CIC for Gen Strong (G-2), 23jun 43, sub: Prelim Rpt on WAAC. MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

47 Ibid. with incl Ltr, WAAC Hq to CG 2d SvC:, 14 May 43. SPWA 726 (5-6-43).

48 Interv with Joseph A. Bourdow, 9 Aug 48, then of Ft Washington AGO Sch.

49 Sgt Amelia Madrak, Hist Div SSUSA, secy of author, 1947.

50 Washington Post, June 30, 1943.

51 Washington Daily News June 9, 1943.

52 PM (New York) June 10, 1943.

53 Washington Post, June 11, 1943.

54 Ibid. June 16, 1943.

55 Both in the Washington Evening Star, June 10, 1943.

56 "Capitol Stuff," June 10, 1943. The columnist later insisted he was vindicated when, in 1945, Time alleged the Army had declared surplus the remains of a stock of contraceptive jelly. He did not check far enough to discover that such jelly, if it existed, would have teen sold in any Army PX, where Waacs formed an almost microscopic fraction of female customers, who included soldiers' wives and other authorized purchasers. In fact, upon investigation, Army officers were unable to locate any such stock of contraceptive jelly as reported by Time. Transcript of Tp Conv, Ma j Chance and Mr. Marples, WDBPR. WDWAC 331.1 (1945-46).

57 (1) The Evangelical Beacon, Vol. XIV, No. 22. February 27, 1945, incl to Ltr, AAF PDC to Air WAC Div, 20 Sep 4:5. WDWAC 330.14. (2) Ltr, Mrs. F. D. Roosevelt to Dir WAC, 25 Oct 44, incl Ltr from voter re religious magazine of alleged 1,500.000 weekly circulation, The Missionary Worker. WDWAC 330.4.

58 Memo cited n. 43. Also. Ltr J. Edgar Hoover to Col Leslie R. Forney, MIS, 30 Jun 43. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

59 Specific references will be given in each case in following paragraphs. The entire file of the summer's investigation is found in G-2 files, MID 322.12 WAAC.

60 Memo cited n. 43. Author's italics.

61 (1) Memo, Chief CIC, MIS, for Gen Strong, 13 Aug 43. sub: Closing Rpt on Investigation Rumors Concerning WAAC. MID 322.12 WAAC. (2) Memo cited n. 26. (3) Memo cited n. 46.

62 Memo cited n. 61(1).

63 Ibid., Ft Devens area sec.

64 Memo cited n. 26, Ft Devens area sec.

65 Memo cited n. 26. Also (I) M/R, 10 Jul 43, Summary of Investigation, sub: Origin of Rumors Concerning WAAC. G-2 MID 322.12 (6-11-43). (2) Ltr Col Hoag to Dir WAAC, 11 Jan 43, sub: Wearing of Uniform. SPWA 300.3 (12-7-43) sec 1 (font). (3) WAAC Cir 2, 28 Jan 43. (4) Ltr, WAAC Hq to Tng Cens, 24 Feb 43; sub: Wearing of Uniform. SPWA 300.3.

66 Memo cited n. 61(l ), 8th SvC sec.

67 (1) Memo cited n. 26, Ft Oglethorpe Sec. (2) Ltr, MID 4th SvC to MI D (Washington, D. C.), 5 Jul 43, sub: Origin of Rumors Concerning WAAC. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

68 Ltr. 2d Tng Cen to Dir WAAC, 8 Jan 43, and Inds. WA 600.1 (7-2-42)(1) sec 2 (1942).

69 (1) Ltr, Mr. Fred Huntress to senator Claude Pepper. 3 Mar 43 (2) Memo, Gen Grunert for Dir WAAC. 23 Mar 43. Folder, Daytona Beach, Dir Adm Serv ASF Sp Coll DRB AGO.

70 For civilian complaints: (1) Memos cited n. 61. (2) File of Dir Adm Serv, with investigations, cited n. 72.

71 Memos cited n. 61.

72 (1) For MID investigation, see Memos cited n. 61. (2) For Col Clark's, sec Memo, Col Clark, Chief Opns Div WAAC Hq, for Dir WAAC, 27 May 43. SPWA 319.1. For others, see (3) Ltr, Mr. Harry Hopkins to Brig Gen Frederick H. Osborn, 1 Mar 43: (4) Memo. Dir WAAC for TIG, 13 Mar 43, incl Ltrs from Senator Pepper and Gen White, SPWA 330.14 (3-8-43)E: (5) Memo, Exec 2d WAAC Tng Cen for Comdt, 13 Mar 43; (6) Memo, Gen Faith for Dir WAAC, 18 Mar 43, SPWA 250.1: (7) TWX, Gen Grunert to DCofAdm Serv ASF 19 Mar 43. WA-212-119- Govt Z; (8); Memo, DCofAdm Serv for Dir Reqmts Div ASE 20 Mar 43, with approval by Reqmts Div, 23 Mar 43, SPAAS 353.8; (9) Memo, CofAdm Serv ASF for Dir WAAC, 23 Mar 43; (l0) Various Ltrs from White House, Congress, citizens, et al., atchd to above. Folder. Daytona Beach, Dir Adm Serv ASF Sp Coll DRB AGO.

73 Rpt, CIC 4th SvC: to MIS, 19 Jul 43, sub: Origin of Rumors. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC.

74 Ibid.

75 Memo, Asst IG 4th SvC for CG 4th SvC, 9 May 43, atchd as Exhibit B to Rpt cited n. 73.

76 Post Engr, in Rpt cited n. 73.

77 Rpt cited n. 73.

78 TWX cited n. 72(7).

79 Memos cited n. 72(8) and 72(9).

80 WAAC Cir 11, 1 Oct 42 and correspondence in SPWA 420 (8-25-42), 1942. Army Regulations shortly superseded this circular.

81 Memo cited n. 72(6).

82 Memo cited n. 72(2).

83 Daytona Beach Observer, May 22, 1943.

85 Memo cited n. 46.

86 Memo. CID agent for Chief CIC, 16 Jul 43, sub: Dissemination of Rumors. MID 322.12 WAAC (6-11-43).

87 Memo cited n. 61(1).

88 John Lardner's syndicated column. June 10,1943.

90 File cited n. 89(1).

91 Ltr, Adm Asst to SW to Hon Michael Kirwan, 25 Sep 45; Ltr, Hon Michael Kirwan to SW, 6 Jul 45; Ltr, [WAC, Camp Davis). 6 Jul 45. CofS 324.5 WAC.

92 Ltr, Pvt Ruth F. Bolger to Dir WAC, 23 Jun 44, incl, with investigation, in Memo, Air WAC Off for Dep Dir WAC, 18 Oct 44. WDWAC 330.14.

93 Office Memo, 1st O Virginia Martin, Rctg Sec WAAC Hq, for Exec WAAC, 24 Jul 43. SPWA 319.1.

94 (1) Memo. G-2 for Dir WAAC [WAC], 12 Aug 43, sub: Origin of Rumors Concerning WAAC. G-2 MID 322.12 WAAC. (2) Memo cited n. 61(1), sec re Lt Dix W. P., Coast Guard, and Comdr Neil B. W., USN. Also, same file, Ltr, John W., Jersey City, N. J., to SW, 30 Jul 43, with atchd Ltr, Comdr W. to Mr. W. (3) Ltr, SW to SN, 28 Jul 43. CofS files.

95 Memo. MIS for Dir MI, 3d SvC, 16 Jun 43. MID 322.12 WAAC (6-16-43) (6-11-43).

96 Ltr, 2d SvC Hq to G-2, 22 Jul 43, sub: Origin of Rumors Concerning WAAC. MIL) 322.12 WAAC (6-11 43). See re Miss Helen A. and Miss W.. New York.

97 (1) Memo, Dir WAC: for CG AAF, 6 Dec 44, sub: Rumors. WDWAC 330.11. (2) Ltr, ETO Hq to ETO, 17 Mar 45, sub: Rpt of Investigation. AG 333.5 MPMGA, in WDWAC 330.19.

98 Memo cited n. 61(1).

99 Min cited n. 28(1).

100 Sec F 22 d, "Frauen," Pot. 5. 2. Rd., Frankreich, FRA; file of German Intelligence, Army High Command, G-2 Sec, Foreign Armies West, H 2/2.

101 Memo, 2d O D. L. Meyer for PRO, 3d WAAC Tng Cen, 7 Jun 43, sub: Rpt of Speech oil Rumors by Rctg Off. SPWA 319.1.

102 (1) Office of the Chief of Chaplains, Military History of the Second World War: The Corps of Chaplains, p. 95, on ministrations to WAC. OCMH.
(2) Releases in numerous papers; for example, Washington Post, June 11, 1993. The group included Dr. Barnett R. Bricker, National Jewish Welfare Board; Bishop W, W. Peels. Council of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Rt. Rev. Msgr. Michael, J. Ready, National Catholic Welfare Conference; Dr. Almon R. Pepper, National Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church; Dr. S. Arthur Devan. General Commission of Army-Navy Chaplains; Dr. Joseph C. Hazen, Northern Baptist Conference; Dr. J. Quinter Miller, Federal Council of Churches of Christ; Dr William Barrow Pugh, Presbyterian Church; Dr. Carroll C. Roberts, International Convention of Disciples of Christ.

103 M/R. 29 Apr 43, sub: Religion. SPWA 000.3.

104 WAAC Daily Journal, Vol. I, 10 Jun 43.

105 HR Rpt 566. 78th Cong, 1st less, Rpt o Com on Appropriations to Accompany HR 2996, Mil Establishment Appropriation Bill FY 1944. Hobby files, 18 Jun 43.

106 Ltr. Base Surg to Mil Pers of Base Hosp, Tinker Field, Okla.; reprinted in Ltr, Base Comdr to All Mil Orgns . . . at Tinker Field, 23 Jun 43; copy in Folder. Slander Campaign. OCMH.

107 Washington Post, June 16, 1943.

108 Personal ltr, CofS to Oveta Culp Hobby, 15 Jan 43. Gen Marshall's personal files; read by author by courtesy of his secretary, December 1945. The Chief of Staff was in Africa at the time of the columnist's charges, and had just learned of the attack.

109 Comments to author. British published reports reached the same conclusion. See Appendix B.