Endnotes for Chapter XXIV

1 (1) Hqs, USFET, sub: Responsibility for Military Government in the U.S. Zone, 14 Dec 45, in USFET SGS 014.1/4. (2) Hist Sec, Seventh Army, sub: Commanding General and Staff, 1 Jan-28 Feb 46, in Historical Program Files, Hist Div, USFET.

2 Hist Rpt, Eastern Military District, 15 Dec 45-14 Jan 46, in OMGUS 76-3/10.

3 Hqs, USFET, Theater Commander's Weekly Staff Conference No. 1, 18 Dec 45, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97--USF9-0.5.

4 Hist Rpt, Det G-34, Dec 45, in OMGUS 8-2/5.

5 History of Military Government in Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, vol. I, p. 1460.

6 Hist Rpt, OMG Greater Hesse, Dec 45, in OMGUS 42-3/5.

7 Military Government of Germany, German Governmental Organization and Civil Administration, Monthly Report No. 7, 20 Feb 46.

8 JCS 1517/6, Summary of Jan 46 Report of the Military Governor, 16 Apr 46, in CCS 383.21 (2-22-44) , sec. 11.

9 Hist Rpt, Det D-301, May 46, in OMGUS 79-1/10.

10 Hist Rpt, OMG Greater Hesse, Jun 46, in OMGUS 42-1/5.

11 Military Government of Germany, German Governmental Organization and Civil Administration, Monthly Report No. 8, 20 Mar 45.

12 Monthly Political Activity Rpt, Det 205, 28 Feb 45, in OMGUS 1-2/5.

13 Clay, Decision in Germany, p. 70.

14 Justus Fuerstenau, Entnazifizierung (Berlin: Luchterhand, 1969) , pp. 56-58.

15 Clay later doubted that the attempt to put every party member on trial had been wise. The system became clogged with minor cases, and the serious offenders, who had nothing to gain by seeking a speedy trial, benefited from delays which later ran into months and years. See Constantine FitzGibbon, Denazification (New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1969) , p. 135.

16 Fuerstenau, Entnazifizierung, pp. 59-61.

17 Ruhm von Oppen, Documents on Germany p. 106.

18 Clay, Decision in Germany, p. 70.

19 Hist Rpt, Det E42C, Mar 46, in OMGUS 7-2/5.

20 History of Military Government Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, p. 1445.

21 Hist Rpt, Det E-281, 30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 77-3/10.

22 History of Military Government Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, p. 1445.

23 Hist Rpt, OMG Land Bavaria, 4 May 46, in OMGUS 1-2/5.

24 Hist Rpt, Det E-205, Apr 46, in OMGUS 1-2/5.

25 Memo, Secretary of War for Secretary of State, sub: Responsibility for Government of Occupied Enemy Areas, Present Situation, 29 Dec 45, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 4-F.

26 Ibid.

27 Cable, ACofS OPD to CG, USFET, 21 Jan 46, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 4-F.

28 The Directorate for Occupied Areas was to have as its director an official of the State Department who had no other duties than policy-making for occupied areas. General Hilldring, who was the director, had been appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas in late February. Maj. Gen. Oliver P. Echols, who had been Assistant Deputy Military Governor in Germany, succeeded Hilldring as Director of the War Department CAD. (1) Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 (Washington, D.C., 1969) , vol. V, pp. 674-77. (2) Department of State, Bulletin, 3 Mar 46, p. 369.

29 JCS 1517/8, Summary of March Report of the Military Governor, U.S. Zone, 5 Jun 46, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 4-F.

30 John H. Backer, Priming the German Economy (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1971), p. 108.

31  Ibid., p. 109.

32 (1) Ibid., p. 111. (2) Chronology of OMGUS and Its Predecessor Organizations, 1 Jan-1 Jun 46, in OMGUS 23-3/5, pp. 100 and 119.

33 Hqs, Seventh Army, ACofS G-2, G-2 Weekly Intelligence Summary No. 36, 22 Mar 46, in Seventh Army, Intelligence Summaries.

34 OMGUS History, pt. I, ch. VIII, pp. 74-77.

35  Backer, Priming the German Economy, p. 91f.

36 OMGB, Refugee Section, Annual Report, 9 Jul 46, in OMGUS 65-1 / 10.

37  Hist Rpt, OMG Bavaria, 30 Apr 46, in OMGUS 76-3/ 10.

38 Memo, Clay for McNarney, 24 Apr 46, in OMGUS 177-2/3.

39 OMGUS History, pt. I, ch. VIII, p. 68.

40 OMGUS, Control Office, Hist Br, History of U.S. Military Government in Germany, Econ Div, Food and Agriculture Branch, 1946, in OMGUS 21-3/5.

41 OMGUS, Division Staff Meeting, 23 Mar 46, in OMGUS 178-3/3.

42 (1) Hqs, USFET, Theater Commander's Weekly Staff Conference Nos. 22 and 23, 21 and 28 May 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF9-0.5. (2) Chronology of OMGUS and Its Predecessor Organizations, 1 Jan-1 Jun 46, in OMGUS 23-3/5, p. 154.

43 Hqs, USFET, Weekly Intelligence Summary No. 40, 25 Apr 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF8-0.3.

44  Hqs, Third Army, Weekly Intelligence Report, 17 Apr 45, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF8-0.3.

45 The Army had imported 750,000 tons of food for the U.S. zone and Berlin between V-E Day and 30 June 1946 and released an additional 172,000 tons from Army stocks between 1 February and 30 June 1946. (1) OMGUS, Control Office, Hist Br, History, Food and Agriculture Branch, 8 May 45-30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 440-1/3. (2) Hqs, USFET, Theater Commander's Weekly  Staff Conference No. 28, 2 Jul 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF9-0.5. (3) Hist Rpt, OMG Bavaria, Jun 46, in OMGUS 436-2/3, p. 285.

46 (1) Wk Rpt, OMG Wuerttemberg-Baden, 12 May 46, in Hist Div, USFET, T-353-1/6. (2) Hqs, Third Army, Weekly Intelligence Report, 17 Apr 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO), 97-USF8-0.3.

47 (1) Hist Rpt, Hqs, U.S. Constabulary, Apr 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF8-0.3. (2) Cable, CG, USFET, to War Dept, for AG, 1 May 46, in PMGO, classified decimal file, MG Div, Cables. (3) Hist Rpt, Det E-291, 30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 78-3/ 10.

48 Hist Rpt, OMG Bavaria, 1-31 May 46, in OMGUS 76-3/10.

49 Ibid.

50 Ibid.

51 Hqs, USFET, Theater Commander's Weekly Staff Conference No. 15, 2 Apr 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF9-0.5.

52 Hqs, USFET, Theater Commander's Weekly Staff Conferences Nos. 27 and 28, 26 Jun and 2 Jul 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF9-0.5.

53 Hist Rpt, Det E-291, 30 Jun 45, in OMGUS 78-3/10.

54 Hist Rpt, OMG Bavaria, 31 Mar 46, in OMGUS 78-3/10.

55 Hist Rpt, Det E-281, 30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 77-3/10.

56 Hist Rpt, Det G-297, May 46, in OMGUS 65-2/10.

57 Hist Rpt, OMG Bavaria, 31 May 46, in OMGUS 76-3/10.

58 History of Military Government in Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, p. 1436.

59 Hist Rpt, Det E-291, 30 Jun 46, in OMGUS 78-3/10.

60 Hist Rpt, OMG Bavaria, 31 May 46, in OMGUS 76-3/10.

61 JCS 1517/11, Summary of June Report of the Military Governor, U.S. Zone, 3 Sep 46, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 4-H.

62 In the zonewide tallies, the CDU and CSU received 56 percent of the vote in the Landkreise and 37.8 percent in the Stadtkreise to the Social Democrats' 29.2 percent and 36.9 percent. In Bavaria, the largest of the Laender, the CSU scored 69.4 percent in the Landkreise and 43.7 percent in the Stadtkreise, and the Social Democrats 22.9 percent and 37.0 percent. Military Government of Germany, German Governmental Organization and Civil Administration, Monthly Report No. 10, 20 May 46.

63 Monthly Rpt, Det D-357, 1 Jun 46, in OMGUS 79-2/10.

64 Memo, Clay for Bull, sub: Proposed Reduction of Officer Strength in OMGUS, 28 Jun 46, in OMGUS 177-2/3.

65 History of Military in Land Wuerttemberg Baden, p. 93.

66 (1) Memo, PMG for CofS, sub: Trained Military Government Replacement Officers, 18 Feb 46, in PMG, MG Div, classified decimal file 352.01. (2) Memo, PMG, Dir, MG Div, for Control Off, sub: Weekly Summary of Important Occurrences, 4 Apr 46, in PMG, MG Div, classified decimal file 319.1.

67 OMGUS, Division Staff Meeting, 20 Apr 46, in OMGUS 178-3/3.

68 Ibid.

69 Memo, Clay for McNarney, 29 Apr 46, in OMGUS 177-2/3.

70  History of Military Government in Land Wuerttemberg-Baden, ch. x, sec. v.

71  OMGUS, Division Staff Meeting, 27 Apr 46, in OMGUS 178-3/3.

72 OMGUS, Division Staff Meetings, 27 Apr 46, in OMGUS 178-3/3.

73 Hqs, USFET, Theater Commander's Weekly Staff Conference No. 20, 7 May 46, in Hist Div, Hqs ETO, 97-USF9-0.5.

74  Snyder, Constabulary, p. 64.

75 Military Payment Certificates, a form of scrip, were introduced in the U.S. zone on 12 September 1946, and the dollar overdrafts ended immediately. EUCOM, Currency Control, pp. 45-66. See also Rundell, Black Market Money, pp. 80-91.

76  Hqs, USFET, Continental Base Section, to Military Community Commanders, 1 Mar 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF8-0.1.

77 (1) Memo, Hqs, USFET, AG, for Distribution, sub: Occupation Planning, 5 Dec 45, in USFET SGS, 322. (2) Annual Rpt, Hqs, Giessen Military Post, Dec 46, in Hist Div, Hqs, ETO, 97-USF8-0.1.

78 (1) Hqs, Third Army, Operations Plan for Reorganization of U.S. Zone Ground Forces, 15 May 46, Third Army, 66-104. (2) Synder, Constabulary, p. 112.

79 Clay told the War Department that he would rather see JCS 1067 amended than completely rewritten since a complete rewriting would necessitate too many changes in other instructions issued in the theater. He had found JCS 1067 as modified by Potsdam a "workable policy," he said. Cable, OMGUS to War Dept, sub: Modification of JCS 1067, 10 Dec 45, in CCS 383.21 (2-22-44), sec. 10. See also Gimbel, The American Occupation of Germany, p. 22.

80 JCS 1067/6, Directive to the Commander in Chief U.S. Forces of Occupation Regarding the Military Government of Germany, 26 Apr 45, in CCS 383.21 (2-22-44) , sec. 7.

81 Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Documents on Germany, p. 42.


Return to the Table of Contents


Page Last Updated 16 April 2003

Return to CMH Online