Endnotes for Chapter XV

1 Memo, SHAEF, ACofS G-5, for All Branches, sub: Unconditional Surrender, 7 May 45, in SHAEF G-5, 10.

2 John Counsell, Counsell's Opinion (London: Barrie and Rockliff, 1963) , 148-50.

3 Pogue, The Supreme Command, p. 488.

4 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 266-71.

5 (1) Ibid., pp. 284 and 289f. (2) Memo for Record, signed L.H.S., sub: Surrender Terms Negotiated in EAC, 11 May 45, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 1-D. (3) Ltr, War Dept, signed Ed, to Smith, 11 May 45, in SHAEF SGS 387.

6 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 284. The strongest reaction from Washington after the signing came from Assistant Secretary of War McCloy, who was at the United Nations Conference in San Francisco until after V-E Day. He said it was "incredible" that the EAC surrender instrument had "been simply forgotten and ignored." His concern was mostly personal, however; in early 1944 he had strongly advocated a short surrender document and believed he would be suspected of "having put one over on State and gotten Smith to use his terms." (1) Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 290. (2) Memo, G.A.L. for Gen Hull, 12 May 45, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 1-D.

7 Cable, Military Mission Moscow to SHAEF FWD, 7 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. A, 384.1-1.

8 Counsell, Counsell's Opinion, p. 155.

9 Det H1A2, Daily Journal, May 45, in SHAEF G-5, 17.25.

10 SHAEF, PWD, Weekly Intelligence, Summary No. 33, 14 May 45, in SHAEF G-5, 7.3.

11 General Board, Study No. 85, p. 42.

12 (1) Memo, SHAEF, ACofS G-5, for CofS, sub: Assumption of Supreme Authority in Germany, 13, May 45, in SHAEF G-5, 627. (2 ) Cable, Eisenhower to CCS, 14- May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-1.

13 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 289.

14 Department of State, Treaties and Other International Acts Series, No. 1520.

15 (1) Draft White Book, in OKW 1892. (2 ) Memo, SHAEF Control Party at OKW, sub: Meeting between Maj. Gen. Lowell W. Rooks [and others] and Grossadmiral Doenitz in Flensburg on 18 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, GCT 322.01-2/GPS. See also Walter Luedde-Neurath, Regierung Doenitz (Goettingen: Musterschmidt Wissenschaftliche Verlag, 1951) .

16 Cable, Military Mission Moscow to SHAEF FWD, 7 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 384.1-1.

17 (1) Karl Doenitz, Zehn Jahre und Zwanzig Tage (Bonn: Athenaum-Verlag, 1958) , p. 471. (2) Albert Speer, Erinnerungen (Berlin: Propylaen Verlag, 1969) , p. 499.

18 Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (Frankfurt a.M.: Bernard and Graefe, 1961), vol. VI, pt. 2, pp. 1499-1507.

19 Speer, Erinnerungen, p. 499.

20 Memo, SHAEF, CofS, for Maj Gen Lowell W. Rooks, sub: Supreme Hqs Control Party, OKW, 11 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-7.

21 Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht, vol. VI, pt. 2, p. 1493.

22 Cable, SHAEF Control Party at OKW to SHAEF FWD, 13 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-7.

23 Prime Minister Churchill, who usually found ways to communicate his ideas to SHAEF, was talking about "letting things slide for a while" and using the Doenitz government as "a handle with which to manipulate this conquered people." In his first postsurrender meeting with Eisenhower on 16 May, he said he would not be averse to using suitably qualified Germans to reorganize and handle German problems, possibly "some of the German generals already in our hands." (1) Winston S. Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1953), p. 756. (2) War Cabinet, Chiefs of Staff Committee, Minutes of Conference Held 16 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, 1 /GPS.

24 (1) Cable, SHAEF Control Party at OKW to SHAEF FWD, 17 May 45 ; Cable, SHAEF to Control Party, 18 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-9. (2) Cable, SHAEF Main (Eisenhower) to AGWAR to CCS, 18 May 45, in SHAEF SGS 250.3.

25 Cable, Murphy to Sec of State, 21 May 45, in CAD 014, 7-10-42, sec. 13.

26 Memo, Rooks for Smith, sub : Nonfraternization Policy, 26 May 45, in SHAEF G-1, 250.1-10.

27  Memo, Col C. W. Stewart, Jr., for Gen Crawford, sub: Dissolution of the OKW (Nord) and the So-called Acting German Government, 24 May 4.5; Memo, SHAEF, G-3 Opns, for ACofS G-5, sub: Arrest of Acting German Government, 23 May 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-9.

28 Department of State, Treaties and Other International Acts Series, No. 1520.

31 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, p. 286.

32 (1) Pogue, The Supreme Command, p. 511. (2) Memo, SHAEF, ACofS G-3, for CofS, sub: Redeployment of U.S., British, French, and Soviet Forces into Zones of Occupation in Germany, 14 May 45, in USFET SGS 370.5/3.

33 War Cabinet, Chiefs of Staff Committee, Minutes of Conference Held 16 May 45, in SHAEF G--3, 1/GPS.

34 Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1945, vol. III, pp. 240, 241, 244, 245, and 259.

35 Ibid., pp. 304, 305, and 308.

36 Ibid., pp. 314, 315, and 323.

37 (1) JCS 1374, Withdrawal of U.S. Forces from Russian Zone in Germany as a Corollary to Establishment of the Control Council, 4 Jun 45, in CCS 334 (6-20-44) , sec. 3. (2) Truman, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 301. (3) Cable, Hqs ETOUSA, to Eisenhower, 4 Jun 45, in SHAEF G-3, GCT 384.1-2/GPS.

38 Cable, Eisenhower to JCS, 3 Jun 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-1.

39 (1) Harry C. Butcher, My Three Years With Eisenhower (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1946), p. 857. (2) Clay, Decision, pp. 20-23. (3) Bernard Law Montgomery, The Memoirs of Field-Marshal Montgomery (New York: New American Library, 1958), pp. 336-39. (4) Alexander Werth, Russia at War (New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, 1964), pp. 983-85.

40 The EAC statement, which Eisenhower received before he departed for Berlin, read, "Upon signature of the declaration the four representatives will constitute the Control Council in order to deal with matters affecting Germany as a whole . . . ." Cable, Winant to Eisenhower, 4 Jun 45, in SHAEF G-3, Opns. C, 387-1.

41 OMGUS, History, Office of Military Government for Germany, ch. III, p. 2f.

42 Daily notes, ,Allied Declaration on German Defeat, 6 Jun 45, in OPD, ABC 387, sec. 1-D.

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