Chapter VI 1 Japanese Land Opns, 8 Dec 41-8 Jun 42, Campaign Study 3, 18 Nov 42, MIS; Wainwright, The Wainwright Story, p. 27; Hunt, MacArthur and the War Against Japan, p. 36. 2 14th Army Opns, I, 40; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 11; 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 12, 16; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, pp. 161, 174. 3 Rad, MacArthur to AGWAR, No. 1135, 9 Dec 41, AG 381 (11-27-41 Gen) Far East. 4 NLF and I Corps Rpt of Opns, pp. 3-5, Annex IV, USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns; USAFFEUSFIP Rpt of Opns, p. 10. 5 There are two towns named San Fernando in northern Luzon, both of which figure largely in the campaign. One is in La Union Province, along the shore of Lingayen Gulf. The other is in Pampanga Province, and is the gateway to Bataan. 6 NLF and I Corps Rpt of Opns, pp. 6-8; Capt Wayne C. Liles, 12th Infantry (PA), p. 4, Chunn Notebooks, OCMH. The notebooks of Capt Calvin E. Chunn, an officer of the 45th Infantry (PS), contain a large number of brief unit histories. These were compiled in prison camp where Captain Chunn interviewed officers from many of the units which had fought in the campaign and then wrote the information in his notebooks. Copies of the unit histories are on file in OCMH where they are collected in a folder entitled Chunn Notebooks. References to these histories throughout this volume specify their location in Chunn Notebooks. 7 Full name and rank of Kanno is unknown. He was either a lieutenant colonel or major. 8 14th Army Opns, I, 32-33. Interrogs, Col Nakajima, 14th Army staff officer, 25 Apr 47; Col Haba, 14th Army staff, Apr 47; Lt Gen Susumu Morioka, comdr of 16th Div, 24 Apr 47; Maj Kotoshi Doba, 5th Air Gp staff, 19 Apr 47, all in Interrogations of Former Japanese Officers, Mil Hist Div, GHQ FEC, I. 9 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, pp. 10-11; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, pp. 161, 174; interrog of Capt Kawakita Ishihara, 3d Fleet Staff, 22 Oct 45, USSBS, Interrogations of Japanese Officials, I, 83. 10 14th Army Opns, I, 43. 11 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 9, 16. Captain Morison states that the converted seaplane tender Sanyo Maru provided air patrol for the Aparri landings. Rising Sun in the Pacific, p. 176. There is some evidence from 2d Demob Bureau, Interrogations of Former Japanese Officers, G-2, FEC, that the Sanyo Maru was still in port being fitted out at the time of the Aparri landing. 12 14th Army Opns, I, 43. 13 Ibid., 42-43; 5th Air Gp Opns, p. 13. The 14th Army history states that the landing at Gonzaga was completed at 0550. This is extremely unlikely in view of the change in plans made during the Aparri landing, and the length of time it must have taken to reach the new anchorage. 14 Rad, MacArthur to AGWAR, No. 1148, 10 Dec 41, AG 381 (11-27-41 Gen) Far East; USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns, p. 36 ; Collier, Notebooks, I, 69. 15 Collier, Notebooks, I, 69. 16 Ibid. This plan was never carried out and USAFFE headquarters remained in Manila until the move to Corregidor at the end of December. 17 Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, p. 27. This decision may have been made by USAFFE. If made by Wainwright, it was undoubtedly confirmed by MacArthur's headquarters. 18 Ibid. 19 NLF and I Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 6. 20 Rad, MacArthur to AGWAR, 10 Dec 41, AG 381 (11-27-41 Gen) Far East. 21 Col Glen R. Townsend, CO 11th Inf (PA), The Defense of the Philippines, p. 10, OCMH. The title of this document is misleading. Actually it is an account of the operations of the 11th Infantry. According to Colonel Townsend, Lieutenant Hadley told him that 10,000 Japanese landed at Aparri that morning. 22 Hist of Fifth Air Force, p. 18; Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, pp. 63-65. 23 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 11; Interrog of Capt Ishihara, 22 Oct 45, USSBS, Interrogations of Japanese Officials, I, 83. American sources do not mention an attack against the cover force. 24 Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II, Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee, p. 1; interrog of Capt Mitsugo Ihara, 3d Fleet staff, 10 Nov 45, USSBS, Interrogations of Japanese Officials, I, 275; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 10. 25 14th Army Opns, I, 42; 5th Air Gp Opns, p. 13. 26 Situation of Both Sides Prior to War, ATIS, Current Translation 46, 2 Jun 43; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, p. 176. 27 Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, pp. 174-76. 28 Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 215 and n. 60. 29 14th Army Opns, I, 43; 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 13, 17-18. 30 Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 215; Brereton, Diaries, pp. 46-49. 31 Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 215; Edmonds, They Fought With What They Had, pp., 121-25. 32 14th Army Opns, I, 43; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 7; Japanese Naval Merchant Ship Losses During World War II, pp. 1, 29; interrog of Capt Ihara, 10 Nov 45, USSBS, Interrogations of Japanese Officials, I, 275. 33 Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, pp. 67-68. 34 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 52. 35 Collier, Notebooks, I, 70. 36 Mallonée, Bataan Diary, I, 52-53. Colonel Mallonée did not believe that the Japanese had tried to land at Lingayen on that night or on the succeeding two nights. Hunt mistakenly reported that the Japanese had twelve transports at Lingayen that night, two of which were sunk, and that the enemy was "bloodily repulsed." Hunt, MacArthur and the War Against Japan, p. 36. 37 14th Army Opns, I, 42-43; 5th Air Gp Opns, p. 18. 38 5th Air Gp Opns, pp. 18-20. The 5th Air Group moved into Vigan on 11 December and into Laoag the next day. 39 14th Army Opns, I, 39; On Phil Landing Opns (Amphibious), prepared by 2d Demob Bureau in answer to a series of questions by Lt Comdr Henry Salomon, Jr., ATIS Doc 1989-6A. 40 14th Army Opns, I, 42; Capt Liles, 12th Inf (PA), p. 5, and 1st Lt Raymond W. Bliss, 13th Inf (PA), pp. 8, 9, both in Chunn Notebooks; interv, author with Col Donald D. Blackburn, Apr 49; NLF and I Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 10. 41 Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, p. 27. 42 SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns, p. 6. 43 Ibid., pp. 4-8. Diary of Maj Gen Albert M. Jones, OPD 319,1 PTO (3 Oct 45). This diary covers the operations of the South Luzon Force during the period 24 December 1941-1 January 1942, when Jones was in command. The text of the diary is reproduced as App. II to SLF and II Corps Rpt of Opns. All references to this document are to the diary itself and not to the SLF and II Corps Rpt. 44 Ltr, Chief, Hist Div SSUSA to G-2 GHQ FEC, 9 Nov 48, 3d Ind, 16 Aug 49, OCMH. 45 14th Army Opns, I, 42; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 12. The infantry regiments of a Japanese division are under an infantry group headquarters whose commander, a major general, controls the infantry elements of the division as well as other elements that may be assigned for specific missions. 46 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, pp. 11-13. 47 Ibid.; Log of S-39, 11 Dec 41, cited by Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, p. 177. 48 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 13. 49 Ibid.; 14th Army Opns, I,42. 50 Clark Lee, They Call it Pacific (New York: Viking Press, 1943), p. 73; interv, author with Clark Lee, Apr 51. 51 Supplement to Diary of Maj Gen Albert M. Jones, OPD 319.1 PTO (20 Nov 45). This document, though unsigned, was prepared by Col. Stuart C. MacDonald, Jones's chief of staff, and consists of three separate documents: Important Dates, SLF; Notes on Left Subsector, I Phil Corps; and Pocket Fights. It will be cited hereafter as MacDonald, Supplement to Jones Diary. 52 Jones, Diary, p., 5. 53 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 12; Brereton, Diaries, p. 54; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, p. 177. For a full account of the air attack against Legaspi, see Edmonds, They Fought With What They Had, pp. 151-60. 54 14th Army Opns, I, 42; Jones, Diary, p. 6. 55 Jones, Diary, p. 6; MacDonald Supplement to Jones Diary. 56 Jones, Diary, p. 6; ltr, Col John R. Boatwright, formerly CO 53d Inf, to George Groce, research asst to author, 22 Mar 49; Luzon Campaign of 16th Division, 24 Dec 41-3 Jan 42, ATIS, Enemy Publications 355, p. 2. The Japanese claimed a victory in this action. 57 MacDonald, Supplement to Jones Diary, p. 8; ltr, Boatwright to Groce, 22 Mar 49. 58 14th Army Opns, I, 31-32; interrogs of Gen Morioka, 24 Apr 47 and Col Nakajima, 25 Apr 47, in Interrogations of Former Japanese Officers, Mil Hist Div, GHQ FEC, I; Comments of Former Japanese Officers Regarding The Fall of the Philippines, pp. 25-26, OCMH. 59 The Jolo Island Opns, Japanese Studies in World War II, No. 23, p. 1, 1st Demob Bureau, FEC; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 17. 60 14th Army Opns, I, 43; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, pp. 15-16; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, pp. 163, 182. 61 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, pp. 15, 16. 62 Ltr, Col Howard N. Frissell, formerly CO 3d Bn, 101st Inf, to author 5 May 49; statement of Maj Charles I. Humber, Jr., 30 Jan 42, in Gen Sharp's papers loaned by Mrs. Sharp to author and in OCMH. 63 Humber Statement; Jolo Island Opns, p. 2. 64 V-MF Rpt of Opns, p. 173; Humber Statement. 65 Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, p. 16; 14th Army Opns, I, 43. 66 Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 223-24; Japanese Naval Opns in Phil Invasion, pp. 16-17. Edmonds claims that the B-17's sank a 10,000-ton tanker. They Fought With What They Had, p. 180. 67 Jolo Island Opns, p. 3; statement of 1st Lt Jose V. Valera, Jan 42, in Sharp Papers; V-MF Rpt of Opns, p. 575. Return to Table of Contents Return to Chapter VI
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