Chapter III


1 Rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 1712, 28 Jul 41, OCS 18136-39.

2 Memo, WPD for CofS, 31 Jul 41, sub: Additional Armament for Phil, OCS 18812-61.

3 Gen Gerow's Off Diary, entry of 31 Jul 41, OPD Exec O; rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 1197, 31 Jul 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

4 Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948), p. 388.

5 Ibid., pp. 388-89.

6 Memo, Gerow for CofS, 14 Aug 41, sub: Reinf of Phil, WPD 3251-55.

7 Rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 56, 16 Aug 41; memo, Brig Gen Harry L. Twaddle for TAG, 15 Aug 41, sub: Augmentation of Phil Dept. Both in AG 370.5 (8-1-41), Part I.

8 Rads, Marshall to MacArthur, No. 121, 5 Sep 41 and MacArthur to Marshall, No. 277, 7 Sep 41, both in AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

9 Rad, Marshall to MacArthur, No. 137, 9 Sep 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

10 Memo, CofS for President, 9 Sep 41, OCS 18136-48.

11 Memo, Marshall for Stark, 12 Sep 41, OCS 18136-56-1/2.

12 Memo, Gerow for SW, 2 Oct 41, sub: Personnel and Supplies for Phil, OCS 18136-70; memo, Brig Gen George F. Moore for CofS, 28 Oct 41, sub: Shipment of Tanks and SPM's, OCS 18136- 65B; interv, author with Brig Gen Charles G. Sage, formerly CO 200th CA, 28 Feb 51.

13 Ltr, MacArthur to Marshall, 17 Nov 41, WPD 3251-69.

14 Ltr, Marshall to MacArthur, - Dec 41 (not sent), WPD 4477-2.

15 Rad, MacArthur to Marshall, No. 354, 17 Sep 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

16 Ltr, Mac Arthur to Marshall, 28 Oct 41, WPD 4477-2.

17 Rad, MacArthur to TAG, No. 465, 2 Oct 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf of USAFFE.

18 Ltr, MacArthur to Marshall, 28 Oct 41, WPD 4477-2; rad, MacArthur to Marshall, No. 354, 17 Sep 41, and memo, Twaddle for CofS, 4 Nov 41, sub; Reinf for Phil Dept, both in AG 320.2 (7-28- 41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

19 Rads, MacArthur to TAG, Nos. 122, 184, and 236, dated 15, 23, and 28 Aug 41, AG 400 (8-12- 41) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

20 Rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 181, 19 Sep 41, and ltr, TAG to CG USAFFE, 23 Sep 41, sub: Supplies for Phil Army and Phil Dept, both in AG 400 (8-12-41) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

21 Memo, Actg ACofS for TAG, 6 Oct 41, sub: Issue of Equip to USAFFE, G-4 27573-18.

22 Rad, CG USAFFE to TAG, No. 378, 20 Sep 41, AG 400 (8-12-41) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

23 Rad, MacArthur to Marshall, No. 430, 27 Sep 41, AG 400 (8-12-24) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

24 Rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 506, 12 Nov 41; memo, WPD for CofS, 12 Nov 41, sub: Machine Guns, 37-mm. Guns and 75-mm. Guns for Ten Phil Army Div; rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 541, 15 Nov 41. All in AG 400 (8-12-41) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

25 Ltr, TAG to QMG, 15 Oct 41, sub: Issue of Equip to USAFFE, AG 400 (8-12-41) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

26 Rad, QM USAFFE to TQMG, no number, 1 Oct 41; memo, SGO for G-4, 9 Oct. 41, sub: Medical Supplies and Equip for Phil Army; ltr, TAG to SGO, 19 Nov 41, same sub. All in AGO 400 (8-12-41) Supplies and Equip for USAFFE.

27 QM Rpt of Opns, p. 4, Annex XIII, USAFFEUSFIP Rpt of Opns.

28 Memo, Marshall for Stark, 25 Sep 41, sub: Conversion of Troop Transports, OCS 17396-56B.

29 Memo, Gerow for ASW, 10 Nov 41, sub: Shipping for Phil, OCS 18136-121.

30 Wesley F. Craven and James L. Cate, eds., The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. I, Plans and Early Operations: January 1939 to August 1942 (Chicago, 1948), 177.

31 Mark Skinner Watson, The Office of the Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1950) p. 416.

32 Memo, Arnold, for CofS, 19 Jul 41, cited in Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 178.

33 Memo, Spaatz for Maj Gen George H. Brett, 26 Aug 41, cited in Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, p. 12.

34 MacArthur on 31 July had already been told of plans to send him a squadron of B-17's. Rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 1197, 31 Jul 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

35 Memo, Gerow for CofS, 14 Aug 41, sub: Reinf of Phil, WPD 3251-55; rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 56, 16 Aug 41, and memo, Twaddle for TAG, 15 Aug 41, sub: Augmentation of Phil Dept, both in AG 370.5 (8-1-41), Part I; memo, CofS for Stark, 12 Sep 41, OCS 18136-56-1/2; memos, Gerow for SW, 2 Oct and 10 Nov 41, subs: Personnel and Supplies for Phil and Shipping for Phil, OCS 18136-70 and 121.

36 The arrangements made for this flight and the details of the trip are described in Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, pp. 12-20. A readable account of the flight can be found in Walter D. Edmonds, They Fought With What They Had (Boston, 1951), pp. 1-13.

37 For a full discussion of this important route, which later became the chief link between the United States and New Zealand and Australia, see Development of the South Pacific Air Route, AAF Hist Study 45, Air University Hist Off.

38 Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, pp. 24, 29. Estimated production of B-17's and B-24's for the period was 220 aircraft, thus demonstrating the importance which the War Department attached to the defense of the Philippines at this time.

39 Ibid.

40 Ibid.

41 Memo, Marshall for SW, 25 Nov 41, sub: Reinf of Phil, OCS 18136-124. A detailed account of the air reinforcements sent to the Philippines can be found in Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, Chs. I and II. A condensation of this account has been published in Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 175-85. For training and state of readiness of the Far East Air Force, see Edmonds, They Fought With What They Had, pp. 43-56.

42 Ltr, Arnold to Maj Gen Frederick L. Martin, 1 Dec 41, quoted in Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 193.

43 Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 193; Army Air Forces in the War Against Japan, 1941-1942, (HQ AAF, 1945), pp. 2ff.

44 Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, p. 31.

45 Lt. Gen. Lewis H. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries, 3 October 1941-8 May 1945 (New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1946), p. 18; ltr, MacArthur to Marshall, 29 Nov 41, WPD 3489-21; USAFFE GO 28, 14 Nov 41, copy in History of the Fifth Air Forces (And Its Predecessors), App II, Doc 3, Air University Hist Off.

46 Pearl Harbor Attack, Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack (Washington, 1946), Part 11, pp. 5317- 39. This source will be hereafter cited as the Pearl Harbor Attack Hearings. The Joint Committee hearings produced altogether 39 volumes, 11 of which contain the hearings themselves and 18 the exhibits presented during the course of the hearings. A separate volume, the 40th, contains both the majority and minority reports.

47 Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, pp. 33, 43.

48 Ibid., pp. 11, 22.

49 Ltr, MacArthur to Marshall, 29 Nov 41, WPD 3489-21.

50 Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, p. 47; Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 188; Edmonds, They Fought With What They Had, pp. 53-56.

51 Memo, Spaatz for CofS, 13 Nov 41, sub: Equip for Phil AWS, OCS 18136-112.

52 Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, p. 45; Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 186. On the basis of interviews and other evidence, and despite the statement of the aircraft warning officer, Walter Edmonds concludes that only one set, the one at Iba, was in operation. They Fought With What They Had, p. 59n.

53 Rad, TAG to CG USAFFE, No. 1197, 31 Jul 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE; Rpt of Phil CA Command and Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, pp. 1-10, Annex VIII, USAFFE-USFIP Rpt of Opns.
An attempt was made after 7 December 1941 to provide the city of Manila with additional protection from air attack by splitting the 200th and forming another regiment, the 515th Coast Artillery (AA).

54 Memos, Green for CofS, 5 and 7 Nov 41, sub: AAA Defenses in Phil, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE; Army Air Action in Phil and NEI, p. 44.

55 Rad, MacArthur to Marshall, No. 991, 27 Nov 41, AG 320.2 (7-28-41) Orgn and Reinf for USAFFE.

56 Ltr, MacArthur to Marshall, 1 Dec 41, WPD 3489-21; ltr, Gen Moore to CG USAFFE, 29 Nov 41, sub: Modification of Armament, AG 320.2 (7- 28-41) Orgn and Reinf of USAFFE; memo, Gerow for CofS, 29 Nov 41, sub: AAA Personnel for Phil, WPD 4559-8.
On 29 November permission was requested and secured to convert one battery of the 59th Coast Artillery (US) and two batteries of the 91st (PS) to antiaircraft.

57 Navy Basic War Plan, RAINBOW 5, 26 May 41, in Pearl Harbor Attack Hearings, Part 18, Exhibit 129, p. 2932.

58 Ibid., Part 15, Exhibit 86, pp. 1901-06, and Exhibit 49 (The United States-British Staff Conversations report of 27 Mar 41), pp. 1485-1550. The short title of this second report is ABC-1.

59 Ibid., Part 16, Exhibit 106, pp. 2161-69; Samuel E. Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Vol. III, The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931-April 1942 (Boston, 1948), pp. 56-58.

60 Navy Basic War Plan, RAINBOW 5, in Pearl Harbor Attack Hearings, Part 18, Exhibit 129, p. 2932. The vessels in the Southeast Pacific Force were added to those of the Pacific Fleet in these computations. These figures should be compared with those presented at the Joint Congressional Investigation and published in Part 15, Exhibit 86, pp. 1901-06. The latter figures show more light cruisers and destroyers than are listed in the RAINBOW plan.

61 Admiral Thomas C. Hart, Narrative of Events, Asiatic Fleet Leading up to War and from 8 December 1941 to 15 February 1942 (hereafter cited as Hart, Narrative of Events, Asiatic Fleet), pp. 16-18.

62 Ibid., pp. 27, 31.

63 Ltr, MacArthur to Marshall, 28 Oct 41, WPD 4477-2; William L. White, They Were Expendable (Cleveland, 1944), pp. 4-6.

64 Hanson W; Baldwin, "The Fourth Marines at Corregidor," in four parts, Marine Corps Gazette (November 1946-February 1947), Part 1, p. 14; Hart, Narrative of Events, Asiatic Fleet, pp. 32-33; Morison, Rising Sun in the Pacific, p. 155; Brig Gen Samuel L. Howard, Rpt on 4th Marines, Sep 41-6 May 42, 26 Sep 45, USMC Hist Sec. This last report was written from memory and notes by Howard after his release from prison camp in 1945.

65 Draft ltr, Marshall to MacArthur, -Dec 41 (not sent), WPD 4477-2. Memorandum attached states letter was prepared 5 December, but WPD on 11 December recommended it not be sent.

66 This strength is from a Machine Records Unit report dated 30 November 1941. The strength of the air forces as of 7 December 1941 was 754 officers and 6,706 enlisted men. Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, I, 170.


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