Endnotes for Chapter IX
 
1 Martin Blumenson, Reorganization of the Army, 1962, OCMH Monograph No. 37M, c. Apr 65, p. 409. Hereafter cited as Blumenson, Project 80 History.
 
2 (1) For a historical account of the role of the Bureau of the Budget in promoting functionalism within the federal government paralleling Hoelscher's career, see Schick, "The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budget Reform," pp. 243-58, passim, especially 249-53. (2) Biographic data on Mr. Hoelsher. OCMH files.
3 Department of the Army, Study of the Functions, Organization, and Procedures of the Department of the Army, OSD Project 80, Oct 61, pt. 1, Overall Report, pp. 8-9. Hereafter cited as Hoelscher Committee Report. 
 
4 Blumenson, Project 80 History, pp. 5-9.
 
5 (1) Ibid., pp. 9-12, 17-18. (2) L. W. Hoelscher, The Story of Project 80 and the Reorganization of the Army, transcript of Army Management School address, c. Mar 63, p. 120. Hereafter cited as Hoelscher, Story of Project 80.
 
6 (1) Blumenson, Project 80 History, pp. 12-19. (2) Hoelscher, Story of Project 80, pp. 119, 133.
 
7 (1) Hoelscher, Story of Project 80, pp. 121-23. (2) Interviews, Martin Blumenson with Colonel Thomas, 20 Feb 62, and Hoelscher, 27 Feb 62. OCMH Project 80 files. (3) Interview, Hewes with M. O. Stewart, 7 Mar 67, concerning personnel selection procedures. (4) General Haines briefing to Project Advisory Committee, 28 Jun 61. Group D Basic Studies file. (5) The later assignments of several Hoelscher Committee alumni give some indication of the quality of personnel selection: General Haines became, CG, USCONARC, having also served as Vice Chief of Staff and CINCUSARPAC; Lt. Gen. John Norton, CG, CDC; Maj. Gen. Donnelly P. Bolton, Director of Military Operations, ODCSOPS; and Maj. Gen. John A. Kjellstrom, Director of the Army Budget, OCA. Except for General Haines these officers were lieutenant colonels while they were serving on the Hoelscher Committee. As this volume went to press General Kjellstrom had been promoted to lieutenant general and appointed Comptroller of the Army on 8 Jul 1974. General Bolton was Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, USARPAC. General Norton was Chief of Staff, Allied Forces, Southern Europe, while General Haines had retired.
 
8 (1) Hoelscher, Story of Project 80, pp. 123-28. (2) Blumenson, Project 80 History, pp. 15, 22. (3) Interviews, Blumenson with Hoelscher, 1 Mar 62, and Colonel Thomas, 20 Feb 62. (4) Memo, Hoelscher for Working Groups, 13 Jun 61. (5) Working Paper, Study Group D, Study of Army Functions, Organization, and Procedures, OSD Project 80 (Army) , 5 Jul 61, sub: Prior Studies of Army Organization. Project 80 files.
 
9 (1) Blumenson, Project 80 History, pp. 28-40. (2) Hoelscher, Story of Project 80, pp. 123-30. (3) Brig Gen Robert N. Tyson, Reorganization of the Army Under Project 80, address before Ninth Annual Conference of Civilian Aides to the Secretary of the Army, 3 Dec 62.
 
10 Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. 1, pp. 23-42.
 
11 Ibid., pp. 26-27. 
 
12 Ibid., pp. 27-31. 
 
13 Ibid., pp. 31-33.
 
14 Ibid., pp. 33-37. 
 
15 Ibid., pp. 38-42.
 
16 Blumenson, Project 80 History, pp. 27-57.
 
17 Hoelscher Committee, pt. 1, p. 50, and pt. 11, pp. 75-78, 119-22. 
 
 18 (1) Ibid., pt. 1, pp. 47-48, and pt. 11, pp. 87-90, 122-24. (2) Hoelscher, Story of Project 80, p. 133.
 
19 Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. 1, pp. 47-51, and pt. 11, pp. 87-90, 124-25, 142-43.
 
20 Ibid., pt. 11, pp. 144-48. 
 
21 Ibid., p. 63.
 
22 (1) Ibid., pp. 159-60. (2) For a view defending the traditional approach, see Aaron Wildavsky, "The Political Economy of Efficiency: Cost-Benefit Analysis, Systems Analysis, and Program Budgeting," Public Administration Review, XXVI (December 1966) , 292-310. (3) See also Chapter XI, below, pages 370-73.
 
23 Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. 111, Annex C-1 and C-3.
 
24 Ibid., pp. 35-47, 51-77, Annex C, Appendix 1.
 
25 (1) See Chapter VII, above, page 282. (2) Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. III, Annex C, Appendix 2. (3) Congress has not yet accepted Operations and Maintenance of Facilities as a separate budget category, but the Army in fiscal year 1972 instituted an administrative base operations program which amounts to practically the same thing. Memo, General Kjellstrom for Hewes, 21 Sep 71.
 
26 Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. III, pp. 77-93, 104, Annex C, Appendix 3. Quotation is from page 92.
 
27 Ibid., vol. II, pt. IV, pp. 207-350.
 
28 (1) L. w. Hoelscher, Summary of Some Views Expressed by ASD (I&L) Tom Morris and his Deputy, Paul Riley, 11 April 1961, and Some Comments and Views of Dr. Richard Morse, ASA (R&D), 29 May 1961, 2 Jul 61. Hoelscher files, Project 80. (2) Interview, Hewes with Mr. Morris, 10 May 74.
 
29 Hoelscher Committee Report, vol. I, pt. IV, pp. 48-52. 
 
30 (1) Interview, Blumenson with Hoelscher, 27 Feb 62. (2) Hoelscher Committee Report, vol. I, pt. IV, pp. 54-57. (3) Joseph Zengerle, representing the Ordnance Department, disagreed with nearly everything proposed by the Hoelscher Committee that affected his agency. Memo, General Kjellstrom for Hewes, 21 Sep 71.
 
31 Hoelscher Committee Report, vol. I, pt. IV, pp. 57-82. 
 
32 Ibid., vol. IV, pp. 51-77. Quotation is from page 74.
 
33 (1) Ibid., pt. I, pp. 98-113, and vol. I, pt. IV, pp. 70-82. (2) Blumenson, Project 80 History, pp. 32-35.
 
34 (1) Coakley, Historical Summary of Army Manpower and Personnel Management System. (2) See Chapter 111, pages 115-20. (3) Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. VI, pp. 9-21. (4) Department of the Army Regulation 10-5, Organization and Functions, Department of the Army, 5 May 61, par. 36.
 
35 Coakley, Historical Summary of Army Manpower and Personnel Management System.
 
36 Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. VI, pp. 25-27, 36-37, 42-43, 49, 56.
 
37 (1) Hoelscher, Story of Project 80, p. 128. (2) Memo for Record, 22 Aug 61, sub: Discussion of Office of Personnel Operations at OSD' Project 80 (Army) Committee Meeting; Memo for Record, 29 Aug and 31 Aug 61, sub: Discussion of the Office of Personnel Operations (OPO) and the Overall Headquarters, Department of the Army, Organization Pattern. Hoelscher files, Project 80. (3) See also Chart 29 below.
 
38 (1) Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. VI, pp. 62, 67, 72--83. (2) Memo, General Kjellstrom for Hewes, 21 Sep 71.
 
39 Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. VI, pp. 80-81, Annex C.
 
40 Comments Re Study Reports, pts. I-VII. Hoelscher files. Hereafter cited as PAC Comments.
 
41 (1) OCofT Staff Conferences, Mar-Oct 61, passim, especially No. 28, 21 Sep 61. Project 80 files. (2) Blumenson, Project 80 History, p. 57. (3) Army, Navy, Air Force journal, 99, No. 5 (September 1961) , 12. (4) Memo, Hoelscher for Horwitz, 20 Oct 61, sub: Status Report on Project 80. (5) Interview, Hewes with M. O. Stewart, 27 Feb 67.
 
42 (1) Summary of Proceedings, Meeting of Project Advisory Committee, 27 Jul 61, dated 1 Aug 61. Located in PAC-Materials Presented to the Project Advisory Committee. (2) Memo for Record, Mr. Garcia, 3 Aug 61, sub: Briefing of the DCSLOG on Reorganization of the Logistics Establishment Within the Department of the Army. Copy obtained from files of Management Division, OCofT, Project 80 files. Hereafter cited as Garcia Memorandum. (3) Comments by Management Division, OCofT, to Garcia Memorandum. (4) Interview, Blumenson with Colonel Kjellstrom, 22 Mar 62, on Carlisle Barracks Briefings.
 
43 Memo, Genera Illig and Dr. Garvin for Mr. Hoelscher, 27 Sep 61, sub: Comments on Study of the Functions, Organization, and Procedures of the Department of the Army, pt. III. lnclosure 1, pp. 1-8, PAC Comments. Quotation is from page 8.
 
44 Memo, General Illig and Dr. Garvin for Mr. Hoelscher, 20 Sep 61, sub: Review of Draft Report-Project 80, pp. 2-3, and Inclosure 1, pp. 6-8, 13, 15-18.
 
45 (1) Ibid., p. 2, and Inclosure 1, pp. 1-4, 8-9, 14-15. Quotation is from page 15. (2) Illig-Garvin Memorandum, 27 Sep 61, Inclosure 1, pp. 10-11.
 
46 (1) Hoelscher Committee Report, pt. 1. (2) Ibid., pt. 11, Hq., DA, pp. 159-60.

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