Page 417
Index
Abe, General Nobuyuki: 18
Acheson, Dean G. See also State, Department of.
air-naval commitment proposed by: 73
and air operations: 242, 247, 249-50, 286
and armistice proposals: 278, 390-91
Attlee, conference with: 291-92
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249-50, 255, 268
and Chinese intervention: 286
and Communists, negotiating with: 268
and continental China, operations against: 329-30
and financial aid to Korea: 30
on intelligence failure: 62
and Korea as strategic area: 51-52, 68
and limited offensives: 402
on MacArthur relief: 365n, 374-75
and materiel supply to ROKA: 68-69
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 116
and North Korea, operations in: 255, 275
on objectives in Korea: 352
and political settlement proposals: 359
and Soviet intervention: 286, 352
on 38th Parallel, advance across: 351-52
and U.N. troops, requisitions for: 227-28, 238, 356
and unification as objective: 350
and U.S. troops, deployment and withdrawal: 79n
Active Reserves. See Army Reserve; Reserve components.
Advance Command and Liaison Group (ADCOM)
departure from ROK: 86
mission: 71-72
USAFIK, proposed merger with: 86
as USAFIK staff: 81-82
Adviser groups. See Military Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG); Military
missions; Provisional Military Advisory Group to ROK (PMAG).
Advisers, Truman reliance on: 177-79
Aggression, U.S. attitude toward: 292
Air Force, Department of the See United States Air Force; Vandenberg,
General Hoyt S.
Air Force, Thirteenth: 49. See also Turner, Maj. Gen. Howard M. (USAF). Air operations: 69-70, 73-74, 77, 80. See also Strategic air operations;
Tactical air operations, control of: 109-11
FEAF, control by: 108-09
proposed: 242, 247, 249-50, 286
Air operations, enemy: 76-77
Airborne Divisions 11th: 44, 93-94, 108, 168-71, 230, 294
82d: 44, 90, 93, 118, 132, 153, 169-71, 230, 294
Airborne operations
at Inch'on, plans for: 152
plans for: 169-70, 215-16
World War II experience: 168
Airborne Regimental Combat Team, 187th: 93-94, 108, 119, 142, 169-71,
196, 215-16
Airborne units
requisitions for: 168-71
training program: 169-70
Aircraft
B-29 bombers: 109-10, 241-44
C-47 cargo (transport): 341
C-119 cargo (transport): 168, 170
losses: 247
ROKA strength: 40
shortage of: 109
transports, shortage of: 88
Aircraft, enemy
IL fighters: 39
losses: 247
MIG fighters: 247
strength: 39
YAK fighters: 39, 74
Airfields
construction and repair: 261, 341
defense of: 300
enemy demolition of: 195
Airlift operations
ammunition supply by: 229
control of: 108-09
plans for: 157
to Pusan: 80-81
of supplies: 195, 235, 257-58, 301, 341-42
of troops: 87-88, 127-29, 215-16
ALABAMA line: 379-80
Alaskan Command: 43, 45
Allen, Maj. Gen. Leven C.: 202, 205, 235, 306-07
Almond Lt. Gen. Edward M. See also Corps, X.
and air operations, control of: 109-10
and airborne units, deployment of: 169
as chief of staff, GHQ, FEC: 49
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 264-65
and Chinese intervention: 236, 259
Church, directive to: 80-81
Collins, conference with: 283
and corps organization: 159
and credit for X Corps, oversight in: 186
dual role of: 158
estimates of situation by: 111-12
and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 155-58
at Hungnam: 301
Page 418
418
Almond, Lt. Gen. Edward M.-Continued
at Inch'on: 141, 148-49, 158-59, 172, 190, 196
MacArthur, conference with: 188-89
and Marine Corps units, employment of: 160, 164-65
and materiel losses and destruction: 301-04
North Korea, operations in: 233, 236, 245, 257, 259-66, 271-73, 274,
278-84
and power plants, preservation of: 264-65
at Pusan: 125, 301
replacements, requisitions for: 129
and Seoul, recovery of: 184-85
supply system and operations: 259, 297
at Tokyo conference: 278-82
training program: 159
troop units needed, estimates of: 107-08
U.N.-ROK ground troops, control of: 215-18
Walker, conference with: 125
in withdrawal operations: 301-06
at Wonsan: 188-90, 195-96, 202, 205-10, 212, 216-19, 232
Ambush operations, enemy: 235
American Mission in Korea (AMIK): 34
Ammunition
deficiencies and shortages in: 84, 202
estimate of requirements: 45-47
requisitions for: 229-30
supply of: 46, 59, 229-30, 236, 257
supply by airlift: 229
supply to ROKA: 35, 66
Amnesty proclamation, plans for: 180
Amphibious Group One, USN: 147, 172
Amphibious operations, enemy: 61, 65
Amphibious operations and training: 55, 57, 85-86, 134-35, 137-40, 141n,
156, 160-63, 168, 177, 187-91, 195-96, 205-10, 336, 397
Amphibious Tank and Tractor Battalion, 56th: 171-72
Antiaircraft artillery, stocks on hand: 46
Antiaircraft artillery battalions: 94
Antiaircraft Artillery Group, 9th: 54
Antiaircraft artillery units, requisitions for: 93, 166
Antiaircraft defense, enemy: 246-47
Antitank defense
deficiencies in: 84
NKA strength: 39
An-tung: 179, 200, 230, 241-42, 245-46
Argentina: 356
Armed Forces Organization Act, ROK: 34
Armistice proposals: 183, 197, 28344, 287-93, 331-33, 358-59, 384-85,
390-92, 396, 399-405. See also Political settlement proposals.
Armor units. See Tank units.
Armored Cavalry Regiment, 3d: 44-45, 118
Armored Divisions
2d: 44, 90-92. 230, 294
50th: 124
Armored Field Artillery Battalion, 6th: 91
Armored fighting vehicles. See Tanks.
Army, Department of the. See also Pace, Frank, Jr.: United States Army;
War Department.
coordination of plans with: 152-53
MacArthur, directives to: 102
Army area organization: 42n
Army Field Forces: 42. See also Clark, General Mark W.
Army Policy Council: 123, 131, 221-22, 234
Army Reserve. See also Reserve components.
Army expansion, role in: 120-22
call-up of: 88, 120-21, 122
troop units, strength: 121
Arnold, Maj. Gen. Archibald V.: 17
Artillery. See Antiaircraft artillery; Field artillery.
Artillery fire support: 81, 84, 96-97, 109, 303, 338
Artillery losses: 111. See also Materiel, losses and destruction.
Ascom City: 206-07
Asiatic troops, proposal for commitment: 193-94
Atomic bomb, potential use: 283-84, 288, 289-90, 320n
Attlee, Clement R. See also United Kingdom.
Acheson, conference with: 291-92
and armistice proposals: 292-93
and atomic bomb, potential use: 289-90
and Communist China, concessions to: 292-93
and Communist China, U.N. seating: 292-93
expansion of conflict, concern over: 289-90, 292, 321
Marshall, conference with: 291-92
Truman, conference with: 288-93
Attrition tactics: 333-34, 361-64, 382, 396, 397
AUDACIOUS: 364
Austin, Warren R.: 73, 333, 369-71
Australia
and Chinese intervention: 266
military assistance from: 115
troop units, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
Baillie, Hugh: 284
Baird, Col. John E.: 36
Bank of Chosen: 5
Barr, Maj. Gen. David G.: 265
Beach conditions, effect on operations: 140-41, 146-47
Beiderlinden, Maj. Gen. William A.: 88, 128-30, 238
Beightler, Maj. Gen. Robert S.: 49
Belgium and Belgian troops: 225, 227
Benninghoff, H. Merrell: 17-18
Bevin, Ernest: 200n, 251n, t60-61. See also United Kingdom.
BLUEHEARTS: 139-40, 168
Bolling, Maj. Gen. Alexander R.: 63-64
Bolte, Maj. Gen. Charles L: 132, 152, 257
and airborne units, deployment of: 169
and Army expansion planning: 118
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 266-68
Page 419
Bolte, Maj. Gen. Charles L.-Continued
and Chinese intervention: 298
and emergency declaration: 298
and Far East, security of: 75-76
and General Reserve, levies on: 91, 93
MacArthur, conferences with: 223-25, 237
and Marine Corps units, employment of: 161-62
and National Guard, levies on: 123-25
and North Korea, operations in: 181-82
and replacements, requisitions for: 22-24, 228-29, 237, 271, 294, 298
ROKA equipment, view on: 35
and Soviet intervention: 75-76, 298
and supply system and operations: 258
and U.N. troops, employment of: 224-27
Walker, conference with: 237
and withdrawal operations: 298
Bombardment, aerial. See Air operations; Strategic air operations;
Tactical air operations.
Bonesteel, Col. Charles H.: 9-10
Bradley, General of the Army Omar N.: 285, 327.
See also Joint Chiefs of Staff.
and air-naval commitment: 70
and Chinese intervention: 234, 254-55, 275, 286
and EUCOM, deployment of troops to: 223, 286
and Formosa, security of: 370
and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 374-75
and North Korea, operations in: 255
and occupation troops, withdrawal of: 50
and ROKA, expansion and training: 394
and Soviet intervention: 69
and strategic air operations: 244, 286
at Wake Island conference: 211-14
Brazil: 356-57
Brewster, Owen: 365n
Bridges
demolition of: 195, 241-47, 258, 303-04, 372
enemy construction and repair: 246
shortages of equipment: 159n
Bridges, Styles: 365n
British Army troops. See United Kingdom.
British Commonwealth. See commonwealth by name; United Kingdom.
Brooks, Lt. Gen. Edward H.: 118, 238
Bureau of the Budget: 46
Burke, Rear Adm. Arleigh A.: 312
Burma: 266, 333
Byrnes, James F.: 10
Cain, Harry P.: 365n
Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6, 349
Camouflage operations, enemy: 275
Camp Drake: 88n, 130
Canada: 115, 225, 227, 356-57
Career Guidance Program: 55-56
Caribbean Command: 43, 45
Casualties
civilian: 405
Communist China: 389-91, 405
Communist-inflicted: 37-38
Eighth Army: 127-28, 297
FEC estimates: 88
guerrillas, enemy: 38
at Inch'on: 173, 247
North Korean Army: 405
as percentage of strength: 87n
Republic of Korea Army: 235, 405
United Nations Command: 238, 405
US. Army: 127-28, 297, 405
X Corps: 297
Cates, General Clifton P. (USMC): 261
Cavalry Division, 1st: 54
amphibious operations, plans for: 85-86, 139
combat effectiveness: 80n
deployment to combat: 86, 112-13, 140-41
Koreans attached to: 168
North Korea, operations in: 235
at P'yongyang: 204-05
Cavalry Regiments. See also Armored Cavalry Regiment, 3d.
7th: 55, 177
8th: 235, 257
Cease-fire. See Armistice proposals; Political settlement proposals.
Cease-fire line. See Demilitarized zone (DMZ).
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): 65, 199
Chae Byong Duk, General (ROKA): 72, 74
Chang, John M.: 313
Changjin Reservoir area: 216n, 236, 252-53, 259-66, 279-80, 297, 301
Chech'on: 340
Cheju do: 38, 313, 324-25
Chemical units, requisition for: 98
Chiang Kai-shek: 368. See also China, Nationalist.
and Formosa, security of: 368-69
MacArthur, conference with: 368
Struble, conference with: 368
troop units, offer of: 116, 283-84, 295
Chief of Naval Operations. See Sherman, Admiral Forrest P.
Chief of Staff, US. Air Force. See Vandenberg, General Hoyt S.
Chief of Staff, US. Army. See Collins, General J. Lawton.
Chief of Transportation: 91
Chiles, John H.: 65n, 266
China, Communist. See also Chou En-lai; Mao Tse-tung.
4th Field Army: 233
124th Division: 236, 260-61
126th Division: 236
aggressor, named by UN.: 332-33
air reconnaissance of: 328
air violations by USAF: 247
armistice, terms rejected by: 331-32
Page 420
China, Communist-Continued
assets frozen: 318
atomic bomb, attitude toward: 289n
blockade of proposed: 102, 283-84, 289, 291-92, 315, 318, 321, 328-29,
339, 393
border, inviolability of: 188-89, 196-202, 212-14, 235-36, 240-41,
248-56, 264-71, 277, 283-84, 372, 380, 382, 384-85
casualties: 389-91, 405
combat effectiveness: 83, 84-85, 105-06, 238, 277, 327, 358, 398
concessions to, proposed: 292-93
disclaimer for military actions: 317
economic sanctions against, proposed: 318, 328
Formosa, threat to: 197, 366-69
industry, proposed destruction of: 315
intervention by: 85, 178-90, 196-202, 212-14, 222, 239-42, 250-57,
259, 266-67, 271, 274-78, 285-89, 298-99, 308-12, 318, 322, 327-30,
333, 372
materiel losses: 390
military power status: 405-06
morale: 390
naval operations against, proposed: 320-21, 329
North Korea, pledges support to: 197, 233, 240-41
offensives by: 379-80, 387-90, 398-99, 403
operations against, proposed: 291, 315-18, 319-25, 328-30, 332, 339,
351, 369, 373, 380, 384, 386, 392-93, 396
prisoner of war losses: 233, 236, 390
propaganda campaigns: 289n
rations, shortages of: 390
recognition of, proposed: 292, 332-33
Soviet Union, relations with: 197, 201, 317, 320
strategic air operations against, proposed: 283-84, 289, 292, 320
tank operations by: 236
territorial violation charged to U.S.: 197
troop movements, reports on: 179, 198-200, 233-34, 238-41, 259, 263,
273, 276-77
troop units, deployment to North Korea: 179, 222n, 233-34
troop units, strength in Korea: 241, 244-45, 259n, 380, 384-85, 387,
405
U N., proposals for admission to: 197, 290-93, 331
withdrawal operations: 389-90
China, invasion of and influence on Korea: 2-3
China, Nationalist. See also Chiang Kai-shek; Formosa.
and Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6
combat effectiveness: 320
intelligence reports from: 199, 276
logistical support of: 328-29
military assistance, offer of: 116
troop units, employment proposed: 116-17, 295-96, 307, 315-17, 319-21,
329, 339, 393
troop units, strength: 320
trusteeship, agreement on: 13, 26
weapons, deficiencies in: 320
Chinnamp'o: 140, 141n, 187, 236, 258
Chip'yong-ni: 339-40
Choch'iwon: 82
Ch'ongch'on River: 234-35, 258
Ch'ongjin: 7-8, 266, 269
Ch'ongju: 86, 216
Chongsanjangsi: 216
Ch'ongsongjin: 246
Chonui: 82
Ch'orwon: 206, 364, 389, 401-02
Ch'osan: 234-35, 270
Chosin Reservoir: 263n. See also Changjin Reservoir area.
Chou En-lai: 197-98, 199-201, 234, 251n. See also, China, Communist.
CHOW CHOW: 71
CHROMITE. See Inch'on (CHROMITE).
Chumunjin: 141n
Ch'unch'on: 10, 61, 65, 70-71, 354, 387-89
Ch'ungju: 86, 112, 188-89, 195-96
Chungking, as seat of Korean provisional government: 5
Church, Maj. Gen. John H.: 74
as adviser to ROKA: 80-81
Almond, directive from: 80-81
defensive measures by: 72
enemy effectiveness, report on: 83
heads GHQ Advance Command: 71-72
MacArthur, briefed by: 74
Churchill, Winston S.: 7, 288
Civil affairs. See also Occupation.
conduct of: 25, 221
transfer from military: 25
Clark, General Mark W.: 134
and Army expansion goals: 118
on combat readiness of 2d Division: 94
and National Guard, levies on: 124-25
Clarke, Brig. Gen. Carter W.: 137
Climate: 2. See also Weather, effect on operations.
Close air support. See Tactical air operations.
Coast Guard, ROK: 34
Collective security
arrangements for: 41
need for expressed: 333
Collins, General J. Lawton
and AAA units, deployment of: 93
and airborne units, deployment of: 169-71
Almond, conference with: 283
and Army troops to halt invasion: 69
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 268-70
and Chinese intervention: 234
and combat effectiveness, enemy: 327
and combat effectiveness, U.S.: 56-57, 292
and emergency declaration: 299
estimates of situation by: 327
and FEC troop unit strength: 53
functions and chain of authority: 42
Page 421
Collins, General J. Lawton-Continued
and General Reserve levies on: 91-93, 183-34, 343 421
and Inch'on operation: 140-41, 142, 149-51
as JCS representative in Korea: 101-02
Joy, conference with: 283-84
and Kunsan operation: 176-77
limited offensives, directive on: 401
MacArthur, conferences with: 78-79, 105-08, 140n, 149-51, 160, 169,
171, 282-84, 325-29, 368, 373
on MacArthur relief: 365n, 375-76
on MacArthur violation of directives: 218n, 339n
and Marine Corps units, employment of: 160
on morale: 326
on morale status, enemy: 327
and National Guard, levies on: 122-25, 130, 325-26, 345
and North Korea, operations in: 269-70, 282-85
on press correspondents, statements to: 326
and replacements, requisitions for: 91-92, 108, 130-33, 228, 239, 294-
95, 310-11, 313, 325-26, 343-44
Ridgway, directives to: 383, 385
and ROKA, combat effectiveness: 326
and ROKA, expansion, equipping, and training: 394
and ROKA, withdrawal of: 313
and security of troop movements: 133
and service units, reduction in: 343-44
and Soviet intervention: 269-70
Stratemeyer, conference with: 283-84
and supply system and operations, enemy: 327
and survey mission, proposal for: 69
tactical air operations, concept of: 110
Truman, conference with: 79
and U.N. troops, deployment of: 224-28
visits to combat areas: 108, 137, 282-84, 313, 326-27
Walker, conferences with: 137, 282-83
Command and staff: 48, 208, 243n
Commerce, Department of: 318
Communists
Acheson on negotiating with: 268
Japanese occupation, activity during: 5-6
North Korea, domination by: 24-25
ROK, activities in: 19-20
U.S. policy on containing: 67n, 100
Congress
approval of not sought by Truman, 73
Army expansion, approval of: 120n
Army Reserve, recall authorized: 122
MacArthur, hearings on relief: 365n, 392
Congressional committees: 365
Constabulary. See National police, ROK, plans for.
Construction machinery, stocks on hand: 46
Corps
staffs, plans for organizing: 134-36, 155, 158-59
I. See also Coulter, Lt. Gen. John B.; Milburn, Lt. Gen. Frank W.
activated: 134-35, 155, 202
deployment to combat: 135-36, 155
at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 379-80
North Korea, operations in: 234-35, 257, 274, 363
at P'yongyang: 204, 206
in THUNDERBOLT: 333-34
V: 134-35
IX
activated: 134-35
deployment to combat: 135-36
at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 379-80, 389
in KILLER: 340
North Korea, operations in: 363-64
X. See also Almond, Lt. Gen. Edward M.
activated: 158-59
casualties: 297
as element of Eighth Army: 189-90, 300-301, 307
Han River, operations around: 336-37, 339-40
in Inch'on operations: 151-52, 154, 172, 174-77
at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 380
in KILLER: 340
link-up with Eighth Army: 177, 185
materiel losses and destruction: 297
morale status: 186
North Korea, drive on: 206-10
North Korea, operations in: 363-64
in occupation duty: 222
supply system and operations: 158
in THUNDERBOLT: 333-34
troop units and strength: 171-72
withdrawal from North Korea: 290-91, 300-306
in Wonsan operations: 187-90
XI: 274
XXIV: 13, 16, 25. See also Hodge, Lt. Gen. John R.
Correspondents, war. See Press correspondents.
Coulter, Lt. Gen. John B.: 27, 135, 155
COURAGEOUS: 362-63
Dairen: 10-11, 318
Dams. See Power plants; also by name.
DAUNTLESS: 363
Dean, Maj. Gen. William F.: 108
ADCOM, proposes merger with USAFIK: 86
attempts to halt NKA: 82
captured: 112-13
on combat effectiveness, enemy: 83-84
commands 24th Division: 81
commands USAFIK: 81-82
on divisions, expansion of: 89
Page 422
Dean, Maj. Gen. William F.-Continued
MacArthur, commended by: 106
troop units needed, estimate of: 104
Defense, Department of. See also Johnson, Louis A.; Marshall, General of
the Army George C.
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 267-69
and Formosa, security of: 366-67
military assistance, role in: 117
and national policy, statements on: 373
and North Korea, operations in: 193
on objectives in Korea: 349-50
and political settlement proposals: 357-59
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 354
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
establishment: 290-91, 384, 399-402, 404-05
proposals for: 290
Democratic People's Republic of Korea. See North Korea.
Discipline. See Morale.
Divisions, number in U.S. Army: 53 See also by type.
Doyle, Rear Adm. James H.: 140-41, 147-50, 172.
See also Amphibious Group One, USN; Task Force 90, USN.
and Inch'on operations: 172
MacArthur, conference with: 149
Marine Corps units, employment of: 164, 165n
and Wonsan operations: 209, 217-19
Duff, Maj. Gen. Robinson E.: 237
Dulles, John Foster: 40
Dunkerque, contrast with Hungnam: 302
Dunn, James: 10
Eberle, Maj. Gen. George L.: 189
Economic sanctions, proposed against Communist China: 318, 328
Eden, Anthony: 288
Egypt: 101
Eighth Army. See also Ridgway, General Matthew B.: Van Fleet, General
James A.; Walker, General Walton H.
armor operations: 175
casualties: 127-28, 297
combat effectiveness: 176, 345, 349
as combat, logistical, and ZI unit: 86, 207-08
deployment to combat: 112
engineer equipment shortages: 175-76
link-up with X Corps: 177, 185
materiel losses and destruction: 297
materiel shortages: 175
morale: 137, 145, 281-82
North Korea, drive on: 183-84, 187-90 195-96
North Korea, operations in: 202-14, 215, 234-36, 245, 257-60, 262,
266, 271-73, 274-75, 278-83
in Pusan Perimeter: 113-14, 125-27, 131-32, 137-38, 144-46, 148, 151-
54, 155, 162-64, 165n, 174-77
replacement problems: 127-34
replacement system: 88n, 129
replacements, number received: 127-29
supply system and operations: 398
X Corps as element: 189-90, 300-301, 307
troop unit strength: 52, 54, 342-44
U.S. nationals, evacuation by: 71
withdrawal planned: 222
Eighth Army Rear: 86
Eighth US. Army in Korea (EUSAK): 86
Eisenhower, General of the Army Dwight D.: 316n
Elections: 26, 40, 180, 219-20, 269, 331
Emergency declaration, U.S.: 298-300
Engineer Combat Battalion, 19th: 171-72
Engineer equipment, shortages in: 175-76
Engineer Special Brigade, 2d: 94
Engineer units, employment of: 93, 98, 166, 191, 230, 341-42
England. See United Kingdom.
Enlisted Reserve Corps. See Army Reserve.
Equipment. See Material.
Escalation of conflict. See Expansion of conflict, concern over.
Estimates of situation
by Almond: 111-12
by Collins: 327
by MacArthur: 105-08, 112-14, 145-46, 148, 150, 212-14, 216, 223, 240-
41, 244-45, 274-75, 278-80, 282-84, 307, 315, 327, 338-39, 348
by Ridgway: 105, 131, 355-56, 379-82, 388-89, 398
by Van Fleet: 398
Europe as chief US. interest: 41
European Command (EUCOM)
deployment of troops to: 223, 286
security of: 212, 223, 316, 319, 372
troop unit strength: 43, 45
Evacuation, strategic and tactical. See Withdrawal operations.
Expansion of conflict, concern over: 242, 244-45, 247, 254, 289-90, 292,
317-18, 320-21, 324, 332, 381
Far East, U.N. conference on problems: 331
Far East Air Forces (FEAF)
air operations, control of: 108-09
aircraft, shortages of: 109
Bomber Command activated: 109
Combat Cargo Command: 258
frontier violations by: 200-201
GHQ, relations with: 47-48
strategic air operations. See main entry.
training program: 55
troop strength: 52-53, 196
U.S. nationals, evacuation by: 71
Far East Command (FEC). See also General Headquarters, FEC; MacArthur,
General of the Army Douglas.
Advance Command and Liaison Group: 70-72
Page 423
Far East Command (FEC)-Continued
airlifts, training in: 57
airlifts to Korea: 80
ammunition stocks: 59
amphibious training: 57
armor unit shortages: 89
Career Guidance Program, effect of: 55-56
casualties, estimates of: 88
casualties, as percentage of strength: 87n
combat effectiveness: 54, 56-60, 80n
combat-ready units, requisitions for: 92-99
combat-to-service troops, ratio: 54
command and staff structure: 48
divisions, expansion of: 88-92
equipment. See Material, below.
field artillery unit expansion: 90-92
field artillery unit shortages: 89
geographic limits: 46-47
GHQ as top headquarters, 47
infantry unit expansion: 52-54
infantry unit shortages: 89
integration of services: 55
intelligence reports from: 62-64
Japan, industry as aid to: 58-59
Japanese employed by: 54, 58, 97
JCS, defense mission from: 50-52
maintenance and repair programs: 59
materiel, reclamation and supply: 58-60
mission of: 54-55
mortars, reclamation and supply: 59
motor vehicles, reclamation and supply: 59
noncommissioned officer shortages: 89
order of battle: 54
POL stocks: 59
ration stocks: 59
recoilless rifles, reclamation and supply: 59
reorganized: 136-38
replacements, requisitions for: 53, 56, 87-89, 98-99, 239, 343
SCAP, relations with: 48
service units, strength: 342
staff doubles for UNC: 103
strategic plans: 49-52
subordinate commands: 49
supply status: 58-60
survey mission to ROK. See Advance Command and Liaison GROUP (ADCOM).
tanks, reclamation and supply: 59
Tokyo as headquarters: 49
training program: 54-58
troop units, quality: 55-57
troop units, strength: 43-45, 52-54, 230
troops units, structure: 49, 53-54
troop units, turnover: 54-55
as unified command: 43, 48n
USAF and USN without staff representation: 108
weapons, reclamation and supply: 54-60
weapons shortages: 54, 106
Field artillery
stocks on hand: 46
transfer to ROKA: 35
Field artillery, enemy: 39
Field Artillery Battalions. See also Armored Field Artillery Battalion,
6th.
92d: 171
96th: 171
159th: 89n
Field Artillery GROUP, 5th: 97
Field artillery units
expansion in FEC: 90-92
requisitions for: 96-97, 136, 230
ROKA strength: 40
shortages in FEC: 89
Fighter aircraft support, enemy: 90-92
Financial assistance to ROK: 30
Finletter, Thomas K.: 42n, 242, 352-53
Flanders, Ralph E.: 365n
Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic: 159-60, 163
Fleet Marine Force, Pacific: 150, 155-56, 159-61
Flying Fish Channel: 147
Food. See Rations.
Foreign ministers, meeting of: 21-22, 26
Formosa: 199, 289-93, 295, 319, 331. See also China, Nationalist.
aircraft ordered to: 69
Communist China threat to: 197, 367-69
security of: 68, 367-71
Soviet view on: 371
as strategic area: 68
U.N. attitude toward: 369-71
Formosa Strait: 369
Forrestal, James V.: 10
Foster, William C.: 40
France. See also Pleven, René.
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 248-49
combat operations: 340
expansion of conflict, concern over: 332
troop units, deployment of: 225, 227
U.N., introduces resolution in: 101
U.S., relations with: 331
Fusen Reservoir: 263n
Gaither, Brig. Gen. Ridgely: 230
Gardner, Admiral Matthias B.: 10
Garvin, Brig. Gen. Crump: 81-82
Gay, Maj. Gen. Hobart R.: 139-40
General Classification Test: 56
General Headquarters, FEC. See also Far East Command.
FEAF, relations with: 47-48
as FEC top headquarters: 47
NavFFE, relations with: 47-48
staff agencies, replacements in: 129-30
staff structure: 47n, 49
USAF-USN, relations with: 47
General Headquarters Reserve: 155-58
Page 424
General Headquarters Target Group: 110
General Order No. 1: 10-11
General Reserve
field artillery unit strength: 96-97
importance of maintaining: 108
infantry unit strength: 90
JCS reluctance to levy on: 79, 87, 99
levies on: 88-94, 104, 118-20, 132-34, 153, 230, 343
troop units and strength: 44-45, 118
Geneva Conventions: 381
Geographical area, Korea: 1-2
Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
Greece, troop units: 225, 227, 356
Gross, Ernest A.: 66
Gruenther, Lt. Gen. Alfred M.: 132n, 181, 298
Guerrilla operations: 329
Guerrilla operations, enemy: 38, 64, 191n, 205, 222, 263-64
Gunfire Support Group, USN: 172
Haanmi-ri: 340
Haeju: 140
Hagaru-ri: 261, 265
Haislip, General Wade H.
and airborne units, deployment of: 170
and Chinese intervention: 298
and corps staffs, expansion of: 135
and replacements, requisitions for: 294
Hamhung: 188-89, 191, 195-96, 205-06, 216, 236, 263, 279-80, 283, 290,
297, 301, 303-04
Han River: 72, 83, 106, 139, 141, 159n, 169, 309-10, 327, 333-40, 361,
363, 389, 401-02
Hapsu: 266
Harriman, W. Averell: 306
MacArthur, conferences with: 145-46, 167, 369-70
on MacArthur relief: 374-75
and North Korea, operations in: 288
at Wake Island conference: 212
Headquarters and Service Group, GHQ: 49
Hickenlooper, Bourke B.: 365n
Hickey, Maj. Gen. Doyle O.: 202, 205, 307
and airlift, supply by: 341-42
and Chinese intervention: 235
as deputy chief of staff, GHQ: 49, 110, 189
FEC and UNC, temporary commander: 377
and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 157
and ROKA, withdrawal of: 313
at Tokyo conference: 278-82
Walker, conferences with: 127, 129, 145, 177
Hideyoshi: 3
Hodge, Lt. Gen. John R.: 20-21, 23
advisers assigned by: 33
constabulary, arming and organizing: 32-33
Japanese surrender carried out by: 13
martial law declared by: 25
on Moscow decision: 25
occupation directives to: 18, 25
on provisional government, return of: 14-16
relief asked by: 26-27
and ROKA, organizing and training: 32-33
and Soviet propaganda campaign: 22, 25
USAFIK commanded by: 13
withdrawal proposed by: 52
Hoengsong: 334-35, 340
Hoeryong: 246
Hokkaido: 11
Hong Kong: 199, 240, 318, 321
Hongch'on: 354, 389
Hopkins, Harry: 7, 13
Huch'ang: 261n
Hungnam: 11, 188, 190-91, 195-96, 205-06, 259, 263-64
port operations: 301
withdrawal to and from: 279-81, 301-04, 311-12
Hwach'on: 304, 364, 379-80
Hwach'on Reservoir area: 389, 396, 397
Hydroelectric plants. See Power plants.
Hyesanjin: 236, 246, 265, 269
Hyonch'on-ni: 340
Ich'on: 333-34
Imjin River: 304, 309, 363
Inactive Reserves. See Army Reserve.
Inch'on (CHROMITE): 67, 69-70, 139-54, 157-59, 161-62, 164, 168, 170-90,
196, 202, 308-09, 336, 386
air operations at: 146, 151-52
airdrop, plans for: 152
alternate landing sites planned: 141n, 148-50, 176-77
assault phase: 139-46, 171-77, 196, 397
casualties: 173
casualties, enemy: 173
command and staff structure: 147n, 152, 155-59, 172
DA, coordination of plans with: 152-53
intelligence estimates on: 174-75
link-up with Eighth Army: 177
logistical system for: 172
materiel supplies at: 173-74
mine clearance: 208
motor vehicles at: 173-74
naval support: 172
Navy-Marine Corps objections: 146-50
NKA threat to: 71
occupation troops land: 16
port operations: 189-91, 196, 202, 207-08, 258, 300
supply operations: 173-74
surprise, principle applied: 173
tactical air support: 173
target date set: 158-59
tides and beach, hazards in: 140-41, 146-47
training for: 159
troop units, direction of: 155-72
troop units, strength: 173-74, 310
withdrawal to: 283, 290-91, 300
Page 425
Independence, movements toward: 5-6
India: 101, 198, 333
Indochina: 293
Infantry Divisions
combat TOE authorized: 88-90
2d: 44, 119, 212, 297
combat effectiveness: 94, 108
deployment to combat: 92-96, 127, 142-44, 165-66
Han River operations: 340
Koreans attached to: 168
North Korea, operations in: 235
withdrawal planned: 223-24
3d: 44, 212
combat effectiveness: 132-34
deployment to combat: 118n, 131-34, 165, 215
Hungnam operations: 303-04
levies on: 90-92
North Korea, operations in: 236, 279
occupation duty: 222n, 223-24
withdrawal planned: 223
4th: 294
7th: 54, 129
combat effectiveness: 80n, 85-86, 90, 107-08, 166-67
deployment to FEC: 144-45, 165, 171-72
Inch'on operations: 157-58, 173-77
Koreans attached to: 167-68
levies on: 85-86, 165-66
North Korea, operations in: 236, 259, 264-66, 269, 279-80
reconstitution for combat: 165-68
Wonsan operations: 188, 196, 205, 207-08, 216-17, 219
24th: 54, 85-86. See also Task Force Smith, USA.
casualties: 108, 111-13
combat effectiveness: 80n, 127
deployment to combat: 80-82
enemy strength faced: 105
Koreans attached to: 168
North Korea, operations in: 235
P'yongyang operations: 204-05
Taejon, defense of: 112-13
25th: 54
combat effectiveness: 80n, 127
deployment to combat: 85, 112, 141
Koreans attached to: 168
troop unit strength: 52
28th: 124-25, 294
29th: 124
31st: 124, 299
37th: 124
40th: 124-25, 294, 345, 385
43d: 124-25, 294
45th: 124-25, 294, 345, 385
47th: 299
Infantry Regiments. See also Regimental Combat
Teams.
17th: 165, 264-65
19th: 82, 111
21st: 82
23d: 340
24th: 81, 89n
29th: 90-91, 108, 166
32d: 164-66, 177
34th: 82
65th: 133, 165, 215
Inje: 304, 379-80
Intelligence
estimates and reports: 62-64, 101-04, 139-40, 179, 198-202, 204, 208,
222, 237, 244-45, 257, 259-60, 263, 272-73, 274-77, 285, 304-05,
308, 337-40, 354, 363, 387-89, 403
failures in: 61-62, 65
at Inch'on: 174-75
from Nationalist China: 199, 276
from U.S. embassy: 62-63
Interim People's Committee: 24
Iwon: 208, 219, 236, 259
Japan
air threat to, enemy: 320
contract shipping from: 209-10
contractors, use by FEC: 209-10, 341
industrial exploitation of Korea: 4-5
industry as aid to FEC: 58-59
interest rates to Koreans: 5
invasion and occupation of Korea: 2-6
legal discrimination against Koreans: 1
mine clearance by: 209-10, 217
National Police Reserve: 131n, 314, 386
nationals employed by FEC: 54, 58, 97
occupation policy, MacArthur's: 55
officials in high Korean posts: 18
population in Korea: 5
quick U.S. entry into Korea, appeals for: 16
rebellions against: 4
security of: 75-76, 131, 301, 307, 316, 322-23, 325, 344-45, 383-86
Soviet threat to: 311
Soviet Union enters war against: 8
surrender procedure: 8-11, 13, 49-50
as U.N. sanctuary: 320
Japan Logistical Command: 136-37, 207-08, 222, 229.
See also Weible, Maj. Gen. Walter L.
Japan Sea: 335, 361
Jessup, Philip C.: 211-12
Jet aircraft support. See Fighter aircraft support, enemy.
Johnson, Louis A. See also Defense, Department of.
Army expansion, approval of: 119-20
and Formosa, security of: 366, 367, 369-70
and Formosa as strategic area: 68
Page 426
Johnson, Louis A.-Continued
functions and chain of authority: 42
on ground troops commitment: 79
resigns as Secretary of Defense: 181
role in military decisions: 103-04
Seventh Fleet movement, proposed by: 69n
and Soviet intervention: 76
and U.N. military assistance from: 115-17
and U.S. policy toward Korea: 181
Joint Chiefs of Staff. See also Bradley, General of the Army Omar N.;
Collins, General J. Lawton; Sherman, Admiral Forrest P.; Vandenberg,
General Hoyt S.
and air reconnaissance of China: 328
air-naval operations, directives on: 73, 76-77
airborne units, decision to deploy: 169
and armistice proposals: 291-92, 384-85, 390-92, 396, 403-05
and Army expansion: 118-20, 298-99
and China, blockade of: 318, 321, 328-29
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 248-49, 252-55, 268, 384-85
and Chinese intervention: 199-200, 231-32, 234, 236, 240, 250-55, 298,
310-12, 327-30
Collins as Korea representative: 101-02
composition: 42-43
constabulary expansion, approved by: 33
and continental China, operations against: 291, 321-23, 323-30, 384,
392
courses of action considered: 295-96
and DMZ, establishment of: 384, 399-402
and economic sanctions against China: 328
and emergency declaration: 298
enemy strength, appraisal of: 384-85
and EUCOM, security of: 223, 319
and expansion of conflict: 242, 244-45, 247, 254
FEC, directive to: 50-52
and Formosa, security of: 368
functions and chain of authority: 42-43
and General Reserve, levies on: 79, 87, 99, 119-20
and guerrilla operations: 329
guidance on Korea sought by: 7
and Inch'on, reported opposition to: 184n
and Inch'on operation: 148-51, 153-54
and Japan, security of: 301, 307, 345, 384-85
and Japan, Soviet threat to: 311
Japanese surrender procedures, role in: 9-10
KMAG ordered with ROK units: 70
and Korea as strategic area: 50-52, 253, 310
limited offensives, directives on: 384-85, 396, 397, 401-02
MacArthur, commendation of: 185-86
MacArthur, conferences with: 67, 69, 73, 142-44
MacArthur, directives to: 67, 69-70, 76-77, 116, 148, 150-51, 153-54,
161n, 180-84, 186-87, 194-98, 200, 218, 220, 242-44, 268-69, 278-80,
282, 310-12, 321-25, 329, 351, 353, 358-60, 371-73
MacArthur, mission assigned to: 47
MacArthur, recommended as U.N. commander: 102
and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 374-76
and Marine Corps units, deployment of: 92, 160-63
and morale: 323-24
and National Guard, levies on: 122-25, 130, 317, 344-45, 385
and national policy, clearance of statements on: 285
and Nationalist China, logistical support of: 328-29
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 116-17, 295-96, 319, 321, 329
and naval operations against China: 321, 329
and North Korea, drive on: 179-84, 191
and North Korea, operations in: 180, 193-94, 250, 272, 279-82, 285-86,
288, 290
and objectives in Korea: 179-84, 186-87, 323, 325, 332, 349-51, 386-
87, 391-93
occupation, directives on: 196
and occupation troops, withdrawal of: 30
occupation zones planned by: 8
planning and decisions, problems in: 103-04
and political settlement proposals: 357-59, 391-92, 400-401
prisoners of war, directive on: 186-87
and power plants, bombardment of: 347-48
and Rashin, bombardment of: 346-47
and replacements, requisitions for: 79, 92; 93-94, 99, 119-20, 132-34,
224, 310, 328, 384
Ridgway, directives to: 381-87, 395-96, 401-02
ROK, policy on U.N. occupation: 180
and ROK government, support of: 180, 184, 328
and ROKA, control of troops: 218
and ROKA, effect of withdrawal on: 323-24
and ROKA, expansion and training: 392, 396
and Soviet border, inviolability of: 384-85
and Soviet intervention: 77, 253, 883, 391-92
and Soviet use of allies: 104
and strategic air operations: 242-44, 247, 249, 321, 329, 345
and supply system and operations, enemy: 384
surrender ultimatum, directive on: 186-87
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 353-54, 358, 396
troop strength, justify cuts in: 52
and U.K. concern over U.S. policies: 290
and U.N., military assistance from: 115-17
U.N. agent for operations: 101-03, 243
U.N. command chain, opposes committee in: 101
and U.N. objectives in Korea: 392
and U.N. troop units, requisitions for: 224-28, 237-38, 344, 356-57,
384
unified commands, control of: 43
USAFIK, control of: 25
and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
Page 427
Joint Chiefs of Staff-Continued
War Department as executive agent: 25-26
and withdrawal operations: 180, 223-24, 228-29, 254, 291, 311-12, 321-
25, 328, 383, 386, 391, 395-96
and Wonsan operation: 188
Joint Commission of U.S.-USSR: 21-23, 25-26
Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC): 105
Joint Staff Planners: 9-10
Joint Strategic Plans and Operations Group (JSPOG): 47n, 187, 222,
237, 400. See also Wright, Maj. Gen. Edwin K.
Joint Strategic Survey Committee: 33
Joint Task Force Seven, USN: 172, 196, 208
Joy, Vice Adm. C. Turner: 115, 261. See also Naval Forces, Far East
(NavFFE).
and air operations, control of: 109-11
Collins, conference with: 283-84
commands NavFFE: 49
and Hungnam operation: 205-06
and Inch'on operation: 152, 168, 172
MacArthur, conferences with: 149-50, 188
and Marine Corps units, employment of: 164
Ridgway, directive from: 382
and Wonsan operation: 196, 209
Kaesong: 10, 38, 65, 188, 191n, 195-9O, 202, 204-05, 308, 404-05
Kangnung: 61, 65
KANSAS line: 363-64, 380, 384, 386, 389, 396-404
Kansong: 379
Kanto Plain: 49
Kapsan: 236
Keathley, MSTS: 66
Killer: 340
Kim Il Sung (NKA)
and armistice proposals: 404
heads North Korea government: 24
surrender demand, rejects: 204
on U.S. tactics: 114n
Kim Koo: 5, 14, 19. See also Republic of Korea.
Kim Sung Chu. See Kim Il Sung.
Kimball, Dan A.: 352-53
Kimp'o: 67, 69-70, 196
Kimp'o Airfield: 16, 151-52, 173-74, 215, 236
Kimp'o Peninsula: 387-88
Knowland, William F.: 365n
Kobe: 172
Koin-dong: 216
Kojo: 191n, 217-18, 222n
Kongju: 82
Korea. See also North Korea: Republic of Korea.
Cairo Declaration on: 6, 349
Chinese invasion and influence: 2-3
Communist activity during Japanese occupation: 5-6
domestic conditions, influence of: 1
Imperial Russian aspirations in: 2-3
independence, U.S. policy on: 14
invasion plans, US.: 8
Japanese invasion and exploitation: 2-6
Japanese population in: 5
Japanese surrender procedures: 10-11
JCS, guidance sought on: 7
MacArthur relieved of responsibility for: 50
martial law declared: 25
national debt, 1910-45: 5
objectives in: 177, 179-84, 186-87, 255-56, 292-93, 323, 325, 332,
349-52, 357-58, 383-84, 386-87, 391-93, 397, 405-06
occupation, directives, and plans for: 7, 10, 19, 25-26, 180, 219-21
occupation, JCS directives on: 196
occupation troops, withdrawal: 30
occupation zones planned and defined: 8, 11
political situation, June 1950: 38-40
provisional government, formation and seats of: 5
provisional government, U.S.-USSR proposals for: 22
punitive expeditions against: 3
Soviet invasion of: 10-11
Soviet policy on future of: 14, 19, 23-25
as strategic area: 7, 10, 28-30. 50-52, 62, 68, 75, 178-79, 253, 310
treaties with U.S.: 3
troop units, Soviet proposal for withdrawal: 28-29
U.N. objectives in: 392
unification, Soviet opposition to: 22-23
unification as objective: 350
U.S. policy toward: 20-23, 181
U.S. relations with: 3-4
Wedemeyer report on: 28, 37
withdrawal from proposed: 52
Korean Liaison Office: 62-63
Korean Military Advisory Group. See Military Advisory Group to ROK
(KMAG).
Kosong: 401-02
Kublai Khan: 2-3
Kum River: 86, 111-12, 145, 311
Kumch'on: 204-05
Kumhwa: 206, 401-02
Kumsong: 206
Kumyangjang-ni: 334
Kunsan: 7-8, 141n, 150-51, 176-77
Kunu-ri: 195-96, 216, 235
Landing ship, tank (LST): 146, 172, 206, 208, 217, 219, 258-59
Language barrier, effect of: 18-19
Larkin, Lt. Gen. Thomas B.: 118, 228-29, 297, 307-09
Latin American troop units, deployment of: 356-57
Leahy, Fleet Admiral William D.: 10
Lemnitzer, Maj. Gen. Lyman L.: 65
Liaotung Peninsula: 10-11
Lie, Trygve: 100-101, 369-71
Page 428
Limited offensives, directives on: 384-85, 396, 397-99, 401-02
Lin-chiang: 246
Lincoln, Brig. Gen. George A.: 9-11
Lines of communication: 191, 207, 258, 263-64
See also Supply system and operations.
Lines of communication, enemy: 195, 263, 291, 327, 389, 399
Logistical system and operations: 191, 207-08, 221, 228-30, 258-59, 272,
280. See also Lines of communication; Supply system and operations.
at Inch'on: 172
Nationalist China, support of: 328-29
Logistical system and operations, enemy: 137
Lovett, Robert A.: 237, 242, 356-57, 359
MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas. See also Far East Command (FEC);
General Headquarters, FEC; Supreme Commander, Allied Powers
(SCAP).
AAA units, requisitions for: 93, 166
advice followed in Washington: 83
air force, ROK, view on activating: 34-35
and air-naval operations: 77
air units, requisitions for: 239
airborne operations, plans for: 169-70, 215-16
airborne units, requisitions for: 168-71
and airlift, supply by: 341-42
Almond, conference with: 188-89
and ammunition supply: 229-30
amphibious operations, plans and training for: 134-35, 137-40, 160-63,
168, 177, 187-91, 195-96, 205-10
armament, proposals for: 31-32
and armistice proposals: 183, 283-84, 358-59
army, ROK, view on organizing: 33-35
Army directives from: 102
and artillery fire support: 338
artillery units, requisitions for: 230
assumes control of U.S. forces in ROK: 71
and atomic bomb, potential use: 288, 320n
and blockade of China: 291, 315, 318, 339
Bolte, conferences with: 223-25, 237
chemical units, requisitions for: 98
Chiang, conference with: 368
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 188-89, 196-202, 212-14, 235-36,
240-41, 250-56, 266-67, 269-71, 277, 283-84, 372
and Chinese intervention: 188-89, 196-202, 212-14, 235-36, 240-41,
250-56, 266-67, 271, 274-78, 285, 315, 322, 328, 372
Church briefed by: 74
Collins, conferences with: 78-79, 105-08, 140n, 149-51, 160, 169, 171,
282-84, 325-29, 368, 373
and combat effectiveness, enemy: 83, 84-85, 105-06, 277, 358
and combat effectiveness, U.S.: 282, 322-23
combat-loading asked by: 95
combat-ready units, requisitions for: 92-99
command authority: 47-48
commands FEC: 46-47
commands USAFFE: 47-48
and Communist China industry, destruction of: 315
conflict in command roles: 382-83
Congressional hearings on relief: 365n, 392
and continental China, operations against: 315-17, 319-25, 328-29,
339, 351, 369, 373
and corps staffs, plans for: 134-36
Dean commended by: 106
departure from Japan: 379
directives, violation of: 218n, 339n
and divisions, expansion of: 89-90
Doyle, conference with: 149
and emergency declaration: 300
engineer units, use of: 93, 98, 166, 230, 341
estimates of situation by: 105-08, 112-14, 145-46, 148, 150, 212-14,
216, 223, 240-41, 244-45, 274-75, 278-80, 282-84, 307, 315, 327,
338-39, 348
and EUCOM, security of: 212, 316, 372
and expansion of conflict: 321
FEC reorganization: 136-38
field artillery units, requisitions for: 96-97, 136
and Formosa, security of: 68, 366-71
and General Reserve, maintaining: 108
and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 157-58
GHQ Target Group activated by: 110
and ground units, deployment of: 78-79, 80
and guerrilla operations, enemy and friendly: 183, 284, 313-14, 360
Han River, operations around: 335-36, 338-39
Harriman, conferences with: 145-46, 167, 369-70
and Inch'on operation: 139-54, 155, 158-59, 170, 172, 173-89, 336
intelligence furnished to: 275, 285, 305. See also Willoughby, Maj.
Gen. Charles A.
invasion, forecast and reaction to: 30, 65-66
Japan, occupation policy in: 55
and Japan, security of: 131, 316, 322-23, 325, 344-45
and Japanese contractors, use of: 209-10, 341
and Japanese National Police Reserve, arming: 314
Japanese surrender, role in: 13
JCS, commended by: 185-86
JCS, conferences with: 67, 69, 73, 143-44
JCS, directives from: 67, 69-70, 76-77, 116, 148, 150-51, 153-54,
161n, 180-84, 186-87, 194-98, 200, 218, 220, 242-44, 268-69, 278-80,
282, 310-12, 321-25, 329
Joy, conferences with: 149-50, 188
Korea, relieved of responsibility for: 50
and Kunsan operation: 176-77
Larkin, conference with: 228
Page 429
MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas-Continued
and Manchuria, air operations in: 241-46, 251, 272-73, 277-78, 281,
283-84, 291, 320-25, 338-39, 351
and Marine Corps units, requisitions for: 92, 139, 142, 143, 159-64,
165n
Martin, Joseph W., letter to: 374
and materiel losses and destruction: 301-03
medical units, requisitions for: 98
military career: 13
mission, adherence to: 106-07, 179, 183-84, 186-87, 190, 195, 234,
245, 252, 262, 270, 277-78, 282
missions assigned by JCS: 47
and morale: 322
Muccio, conference with: 74
and National Guard, levies on: 296, 325-26, 344-45
national police, plans for: 30-33
national policy, disagreements with: 284-85, 287n, 322-23, 325, 349,
358-59, 366, 371-74, 376
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 295-96, 307, 315-17, 319-20, 339
NATO, distrust of: 288
and naval gunfire support: 281
naval operations, plans for: 336
Navy units, requisitions for: 239
and North Korea, drive to: 107, 179, 183-91
and North Korea, operations in: 193-202, 205-10, 215-19, 278-84,
361-64, 371-72. See also Yalu River, operations around.
Objectives in Korea, directive on: 180-84, 349
occupation directives and plans: 7, 10, 19, 25-26, 180, 219-21
offensive, maintenance of: 338
ordnance specialists, requisitions for: 97-98
over-optimism, cautions against: 339
and patrol actions: 363
plans for supporting: 83
and political settlement proposals: 358-59, 360-61, 374
and power plants, air operations against: 231-32, 241, 244-45, 248,
269-71, 347-48
press correspondents, statements to: 340, 351, 358-59
prisoners of war, plans for rescuing: 215
proclamation on occupation: 16
and Pusan operations: 176, 314
and Rashin, air operations against: 345-47
reconnaissance, aerial: 270
relief of: 364, 365-67, 374-77
replacements, requisitions for: 87, 89-99, 131-33, 136, 153, 155,
166-67, 238-39, 282-84, 294-95, 316, 325-26, 342-44
and replacements, shipment priorities for: 93-94
report on post-invasion events: 69
Rhee, address to: 185
Rhee, conference with: 74
Ridgway, conferences with: 145-46, 167, 307, 378
Ridgway, relations with: 305-07
Ridgway commended by: 336, 348
and RIPPER: 354-55
ROK, responsibilities in: 34
and ROK government, restoration and security: 180, 183-87, 313
ROK proclaimed by: 28
and ROKA, attachment to U.S. units: 167-68, 342-43
and ROKA, control of troops: 102, 188, 191n, 215-16, 218
and ROKA, expansion and training: 168, 230, 313-14, 394
and ROKA, withdrawal of: 312-13, 316
and security, maintenance of: 133, 339
and Seoul, operations around: 14, 72, 335-36
service units, use of: 97-98, 342-43
and Seventh Fleet, control of: 77
Sherman, conference with: 149-51
shipping, requisitions for: 106-07
signal units, requisitions for: 134-35
Smith, conference with: 148
and Soviet border, inviolability of: 372
and Soviet intervention: 188-89, 315, 325-26
and Soviet propaganda campaigns: 296
and Soviet Union, air operations against: 321
specialists, requisitions for: 139, 155, 166-67
Stratemeyer, conference with: 188
Struble, conference with: 149
Struble commended by: 348
supplies, requisitions for: 81-86, 228-30, 297
and supply system and operations: 335, 360, 363
and supply system and operations, enemy: 327, 339, 346-47
and surrender demand: 187-88, 193, 195, 203-04
tact, demonstration of: 336n
and tactical air operations: 109-10, 215-16, 307
tactical plans: 106-07, 113-14, 126, 145-46, 177, 195-96, 205-06, 212-
14, 215-19, 245, 271, 275, 279, 290, 311-12, 314, 315, 328, 335-36,
338-39, 348, 349, 360
and tank support: 338
tank units, requisitions for: 92-93
and Task Force Smith: 82n
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 338, 351-54, 358-60
timing, sense of: 144
at Tokyo conference: 278-82
training, directives on: 130, 165-66, 168
transportation units, requisitions for: 98
and troop unit strength, enemy: 212-14, 274-77, 280-81, 364
troop unit strength, protests cuts in: 52-53
troop units, requisitions for: 83-86, 106-08, 118
Page 430
MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas-Continued
Truman, commendation by: 185-86, 325
U.K., attitude toward: 251
U.K., distrusted by: 288, 290, 365-66, 372
UNC, named commander of: 102
UNC activated by: 103
UNO, directive on reports to: 102-03
and UNO, military assistance from: 117
and UNO, military control by: 103n
Vandenberg, conferences with: 105-06, 140, 325-27
VFW, message to: 370-71
visits to combat areas: 74-79, 216. 301, 307n, 339, 363
at Wake Island conference: 210-14, 218, 220, 222-23, 232, 371
Walker, conferences with: 125-26, 188-90
Walker, relations with: 307
and withdrawal operations: 30, 180, 222-30, 237, 271, 290, 294, 300-
303, 311-14, 316-17, 322-23, 327, 338-39
Yalu River, operations around: 250-56, 257, 262, 266, 268-73, 274,
276-78, 287, 290, 372
Machine guns, stocks on hand: 46. See also Weapons.
Maintenance and repair programs: 59
Malik, Jacob
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249
political settlement proposed by: 197, 402
UNO, boycott by: 66, 101, 194
Manchuria: 179, 182, 191, 198-201, 216, 218, 230-32
air operations in, proposed: 235, 241-46, 251, 272-73, 277-78, 281,
283-84, 291, 320-25, 338-39, 351, 386
air reconnaissance of: 328
as enemy sanctuary: 274, 320
occupied by USSR: 10-11
Manp'ojin: 246, 260-61, 263
Manp'ojin-Kanggye road: 261-62
Mao Tse-tung: 232, 240, 40546. See also China, Communist.
Mariana Islands: 49
Marianas-Bonins Command (MARBO): 49
Marine Air Group, 33d: 160
Marine Air Wings
1st: 146, 159-60, 162, 216
2d: 159-60
Marine Divisions
1st:
combat effectiveness: 108, 159-160, 312
deployment to combat: 146, 160-61, 163-65, 171-72
at Inch'on: 173-77
North Korea, operations in: 236, 259-61, 265-66, 274, 279-82
in Pusan operation: 312
troop unit strength: 171-72, 343
withdrawal planned: 222n
in Wonsan operation: 188, 196, 205-08, 216-17, 219, 236
2d: 159-62
Marine Provisional Brigade, 1st: 127, 144, 157, 160-66
Marine Regiments
1st: 163
5th: 142-44, 160, 163, 165, 172
6th: 163
7th: 163-64, 171-72, 236
Marshall, General of the Army George C. See also Defense, Department of.
and armistice proposals: 390
Atlee, conference with: 291-92
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249
and continental China, operations against: 329-30
Korea, seeks guidance on: 7
and limited offensives: 402
and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 374-76
named Secretary of Defense: 181
and National Guard, levies on: 345
and North Korea, drive on: 183-84, 191
and North Korea, operations in: 194, 218, 255, 286, 288
and objectives in Korea: 181-82
occupation priorities proposed by: 7-8
and political settlement proposals: 374
Ridgway, directive to: 383
and ROK government, restoration of: 184-85
and ROKA, arming of: 313, 394n
Soviet occupation foreseen by: 8
and strategic air operations: 242, 247, 249
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 353-54
and U.N. troops, requisitions for: 227-28, 238, 356
and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
and withdrawal operations: 395
Martial law declared: 25
Martin, Joseph W.: 374
Materiel
estimate of requirements: 45-46
losses and destruction: 112-13, 238, 283, 297, 301-04
losses and destruction, enemy: 390
reclamation and supply: 58-60
shortages in Eighth Army: 175
state of: 45-46
supply to ROKA: 35, 77
World War II, disposition of: 58
Matthews, Francis P.: 42n
Matthews, H. Freeman: 184
Medical units
requisitions for: 98
reservists called up: 122
Mexico: 356-57
Milburn, Lt. Gen. Frank W.: 202, 233, 257, 305.
See also Corps, I.
Page 431
Military Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG): 205.
See also Provisional Military Advisory Group
to ROK (PMAG).
activation and mission: 34
intelligence reports from: 62-63
with ROKA units: 80-81
Military Air Transport Service (MATS): 168-69
Military assistance. See also Financial assistance to ROK.
other than from U.S.: 115
Rhee asks for: 34-36
State Department role in: 117
from UNO, requests for: 61
UNO channels in: 117
from U.S.: 35-36
world-wide, by U.S.: 41
Military attache, U.S. See United States Embassy, Seoul.
Military government. See Civil affairs; Occupation.
Military missions. See also Advisers, Truman reliance on; Military
Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG); Provisional Military Advisory Group
to ROK (PMAG).
Rhee asks for: 33-34
Soviet to NKA: 37
U.S. to ROK: 4, 29-30
U.S. world-wide, strength: 43
Military policy, U.S.: 41-42
Mines, clearance of: 206, 208-10, 215-18
Mission, doctrine on: 278
Missionaries evacuated: 71
Mobilization, problems in: 119. See also Emergency declaration, U.S.
Mongol invasion: 2-3
Morale
Communist China: 390
Eighth Army: 137, 143, 281-82
enemy: 275, 327
ROKA: 65
U.S. troops: 322-24, 326, 390
X Corps: 186
Morehouse, Rear Adm. Albert K.: 261
Mortars
enemy strength: 39
reclamation and supply: 59
transfer to ROKA: 35
Moscow meeting of foreign ministers: 21-22, 26
Motor vehicles
at Inch'on: 173-74
numbers in stock: 46
reclamation and supply: 59
shortages: 145
transfer to ROKA: 35
Mount Fuji: 55
Mt. McKinley, USS: 172, 209
Mountains. See Terrain, effect on operations.
Muccio, John J.: 36, 395
ADCOM, liaison with: 71-72
on combat efficiency of NKA: 39, 40
MacArthur, conference with: 74
and supply of arms to ROKA: 65-66
as U.S. ambassador: 28, 184, 221
U.S. nationals, orders evacuation of: 71
Munsan-ni: 70-71, 404
Mup'yong-ni: 265-66, 274
Mutual Defense Assistance Pact (MDAP): 297
Naktong River: 126-27, 145, 174-75, 311
Nanking: 5
National defense, effect of Korea commitment on: 104-05
National Guard. See also Reserve components.
Army expansion, role in: 120, 122-25
levies on: 122-25, 130, 153, 230, 283, 294, 296, 299, 317, 325-26,
344-45, 385
policy on federalizing: 124-25
public reaction to call-up: 123-24
National police, ROK, plans for: 30-34
National Police Reserve, Japan: 131n, 386
National policy
MacArthur disagreements with: 284-85, 287n, 322-23, 325, 349, 358-59,
366, 371-74, 376
statements on, clearing: 284-85, 324-25, 332-33, 349, 358-59, 366, 373
National Security Council (NSC): 391
and Army expansion: 298-99
and blockade of China: 393
and Chinese intervention: 252, 254-56, 285-86, 328
and continental China, operations against: 329-30, 393
functions: 42n
military decisions, role in: 103-04
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 393
objectives in Korea: 392-93
and political settlement proposals: 393
Truman, meeting with: 73
and withdrawals from Korea: 30, 393
Naval Forces, Far East (NavFFE). See also Joy, Vice Adm. C. Turner.
GHQ, relations with: 47-48
Joy commands: 49
personnel strength: 196
training program: 55
transport operations: 196
U.S. nationals, evacuation of: 71
Naval gunfire support: 112, 151-52, 279, 281, 303-04.
See also Naval operations.
Naval operations: 69, 70, 73, 76-77, 336. See also Naval gunfire
support.
against Communist China, proposed: 320-21, 329
JCS directives on: 73, 76-77
Navy, Department of the. See Kimball, Dan A.; Sherman, Admiral Forrest
P.; State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC).
Page 432
Nehru, Jawaharlal: 197
Netherlands
Chinese intervention, report on: 266
troop units, deployment of: 225, 227
New Zealand: 115, 225, 227, 356-57
Night operations, enemy: 106, 281
Noncommissioned officers, shortages in: 89
Norge, SS: 71
Norstad, Lt. Gen. Lauris (USAF): 145-46, 167
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): 41
and Chinese border, inviolability of, 250
and Chinese intervention: 287-89
MacArthur, distrust of: 288
mutual support article: 287n
Soviet threat to: 287
U.S. role in: 287
North Korea. See also Korea.
agricultural resources and methods: 11-12
area and population: 11
communications with South broken: 23-24
Communist China pledges support: 197-98, 199-201, 233-34, 240-41, 251n
Communist domination of: 24-25
cultural differences from South: 12
decision to invade South: 177-84
defections to: 38
drive on: 107, 179-91, 195-96, 206-10
electric power resources: 12
government established: 23-25, 29
industrial resources: 11-12
invasion, U.N. reaction to: 66-67
jurisdiction over, question of: 220-21
Kim Il Sung, head of government: 24
mineral resources: 12
occupation, plans for: 219-21
operations in: 180, 193-94, 202-14, 215, 234-36, 245, 250, 254-55,
257-62, 266, 271-83, 285-86, 288, 290
POL production: 12
propaganda campaigns by: 38
strategic air operations in: 281
subversion against ROK: 37
supply system and operations in: 281, 363-64
and surrender, demand for: 187-88, 193, 195, 203-04
tactical air operations in: 272
troop withdrawals, USSR: 24-25, 29
withdrawal from: 290-91
North Korean Army
aircraft strength: 39
aircraft supplied by USSR: 37
amphibious operations by: 61, 65
antitank gun strength: 39
artillery shellings by: 36
artillery strength: 39
artillery supplied by USSR: 37
attacks on South: 38
casualties: 405
Chinese participation evident: 85
combat effectiveness: 39, 83, 145, 212
initiative lost by: 112, 114, 125, 137, 188-89
invasion of ROK: 1, 36-38, 61-65, 80-82, 111-12
logistical problems: 137
military missions, USSR: 37
mortar strength: 39
night operations, skill in: 106
organization and training: 36-37
POL supplied by USSR:
rout of: 185
Seoul, advance on and seizure: 70-72
Soviet influence evident: 61n, 67, 75-76, 84-85, 178
Soviet Union, arming by: 37, 187-88, 208-09, 230-32, 247
superiority of: 70
tank strength: 39
tanks supplied by USSR: 37
training by Soviets: 25
troop movements, reports on: 273
troop units, strength: 36-37, 39, 387, 405
troop units, structure: 39
withdrawal from South: 195, 204-05
Nuclear weapons. See Atomic bomb, potential use.
Occupation
directives and plans for: 7, 10, 19, 25-26, 180, 219-21
Hodge, directives to: 4, 18, 25
JCS directive on: 196
MacArthur proclamation on: 16
North Korea, plans for: 219-21
opposition to: 19-20
priorities proposed: 7-8
Soviet zone defined: 11
U.N. control of: 219-21
U.S. objective defined: 19
U.S. troop units land: 16
U.S. troop units withdrawn: 29-30, 50
zones planned and defined: 8, 11
O'Donnell, Maj. Gen. Emmett C. (USAF): 246n
Office of Foreign Liquidation: 35
Office of Special Investigations, USAF: 63
Okinawa
native laborers from: 341
security of: 75-76
as staging area: 49
Ongjin Peninsula: 65, 401-02
Ongondong: 246
Onyang-ni: 263
Operations Division, WDGS: 8-11
Ordnance Department: 45-46
Ordnance Heavy Maintenance Company, 378th: 94
Ordnance specialists, requisitions for: 97-98
Organized Reserve Corps. See Army Reserve.
Page 433
Osan: 82-83, 139, 177, 326
Otsu: 222n
Pace, Frank, Jr.: 69
and Army expansion and reduction: 118, 221-22, 299
and Chinese intervention: 299
and continental China, operations against: 329
functions and chain of authority: 42
and MacArthur, relief of: 376-77
and National Guard, levies on: 124
over-optimism, cautions against: 339
and 38th Parallel, operations around: 352-53
and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
at Wake Island conference: 211-14
Pacific Command: 43. See also Radford, Admiral Arthur W.
Paik Sun Yup, Maj. Gen. (ROKA): 233
Pannikar, K. M.: 197-98, 200n, 251n, 289n
Parks, Maj. Gen. Floyd L.: 133
Partridge, Maj. Gen. Earle E. (USAF): 348
Patrol actions: 363, 387-88, 398
Peng Teh-huai (CCF): 404
People's Democratic Republic of Korea. See Korea; North Korea.
People's Republic of China. See China, Communist.
Petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL)
FEC stocks: 59
North Korea production: 12
Soviet supplies to NKA: 37
supply of: 208
Philippine Scouts: 52
Philippines
security of: 75-76
troop units, deployment of: 227-28, 356
Philippines Command, USAF (PHILCOM): 49, 58
Piburn, Brig. Gen. Edwin W.: 137
PINK: 297
Pleven, René: 332-33
P'ohang-dong: 86, 300
Police forces. See National police, ROK, plans for.
Political parties, number in ROK: 18
Political settlement proposals: 197, 352, 357-61, 374, 390-93, 396, 400-
402. See also Armistice proposals.
Port Arthur: 11, 318
Port systems and operations: 2, 195, 207-08, 258
Hungnam: 301
Inch'on: 189-91, 196, 202, 207-08, 258, 300
Pusan: 4, 172, 188, 190-91, 196, 207, 208, 258, 300
Wonsan: 206, 259
Posung-Myon area: 148-50
Potsdam Conference: 8
Power plants
output slowed by USSR: 26
preservation of: 231-32, 241, 244-45, 248, 264-65, 347-48, 369-71,
380-81
Press correspondents
clearing statements to: 284-85, 324-26, 332-33, 349, 358-59, 366, 373
MacArthur statements to: 340, 351, 358-59
Ridgway statements to: 326, 340, 359-60
Prisoners of war
Communist China: 233, 236, 390
enemy, disposition of: 381
JCS directive on: 186-87
plans for rescuing: 215
Propaganda campaigns
Communist China: 289n
North Korea: 38
Soviet Union: 22, 25, 296, 347
"Provisional Government of Republic of Great Korea": 5
Provisional Military Advisory Group to ROK (PMAG): 34. See also Military
Advisory Group to ROK (KMAG).
Public opinion, reaction to calling reserve components: 121-24
Pugen Reservoir. See Fusen Reservoir.
Pujon: 252-53, 259, 263-64
Pukch'ong: 236
Pungsan: 216, 236
Pusan
air operations, enemy: 76-77
airlift to: 80-81
Base Command: 81-82
in occupation priority: 7-8, 11
perimeter, operations around: 113-14, 125-27, 131-32, 137-38, 144-46,
148, 151-54, 155, 162-64, 165n, 174-77
port system and operations: 4, 172, 188, 190-91, 196, 207, 208, 258,
300
U.S. nationals evacuated from: 71
withdrawal to and from: 283-84, 290, 300-301, 312, 314, 324
P'yongch'ang: 340
P'yonggang: 364
P'yonghae-ri: 86
P'yongt'aek: 82, 309-10
Pyongwon: 216
P'yongyang: 187-91, 195-96, 202-06, 212, 215-18, 235-36, 257, 283, 304,
400
P'yongyang-Wonsan road: 216
Radford, Admiral Arthur W. See also Pacific Command.
and Inch'on operation: 156
and Marine Corps units, employment of: 160-61
at Wake Island conference: 212
Radio sets, numbers in stock: 46. See also Signal equipment, supply of.
Railroads
demolition of: 195
routes and operations: 4, 81, 191, 258, 347
shortages of facilities: 208
Page 434
Rashin: 10, 241, U5-47, 380-81
Rations
shortages, enemy: 390
stocks in FEC: 59
supply of: 207-08
Rebuild programs. See Maintenance and repair programs.
Recoilless rifles, reclamation and supply: 59
Reconnaissance, aerial: 219, 230, 270, 272, 305, 327-28, 346, 369
Reconnaissance, ground: 327
Reconnaissance, ground, enemy: 303-04
Recruits. See Replacements.
Reeder, Maj. Gen. William O.: 294, 298
Refugees, from North Korea: 23
Regimental Combat Teams. See also Infantry Regiments.
4th: 108
5th: 44-45, 90-92, 127, 166, 222
9th: 166
14th: 44-45, 90-92, 230
196th: 124-25, 230
278th: 124-25, 230
Reinforcements. See Replacements; Troop units.
Reinholt, SS: 71
Repair programs. See Maintenance and repair programs.
Replacements. See also Troop units.
airlift of: 87-88, 127-29, 215-16
Eighth Army system: 88n, 129
FEC requisitions for: 53, 56, 87-89, 98-99, 239, 343
numbers received: 127-29
problems in supplying: 127-34, 238
requisitions for: 69, 79, 91-94, 107-08, 119-20, 129-33, 137, 166-67,
223-24, 228-29, 237-39, 271, 282-84, 294-95, 298, 310-11, 313, 316,
325-28, 342-44, 384
shipment priorities for: 93-94
training of: 130
Reporters. See Press correspondents.
Republic of Korea. See also Kim Koo; Rhee, Syngman.
agricultural resources and methods: 11-12
area and population: 11
armament, report on needs: 36
Armed Forces Organization Act: 34
assembly convenes: 26-27
casualties, civilian: 405
casualties, Communist-inflicted: 37-38
coast guard, strength: 34
Communist activity in: 19-20
constabulary, organization and armament: 32-33
courses of action open to U.S.: 67-68
cultural differences from North: 12
economy, state during occupation: 18
election results: 26, 40
financial assistance to: 30
government, restoration and security: 180, 183-87, 313, 386
government, support of: 180, 184, 328
government employees, number: 18
guerrilla operations, enemy: 38, 64
industrial resources: 12
Japanese officials, reaction to: 18
Kim Koo heads provisional government: 5, 14, 19
MacArthur, responsibilities in: 34
MacArthur assumes control of U.S. forces: 71
MacArthur proclaims restoration: 28
materiel supply to: 68-69
military assistance to: 35-36
military missions to: 4, 29-30
national police, activation and training: 32, 34
navy, MacArthur on need for: 34-35
NKA, attacks and withdrawals by: 1, 36-38, 61-65, 80-82, 111-12, 195,
204-05
North Korea, subversion in: 37
occupation, opposition to: 19-20
occupation, U.N. policy on: 180
plans for defending: 66-71
political parties, number: 18
political situation at occupation: 18
provisional government, return of: 14-16
refugees from North: 23
riots, Communist-inspired: 25
Soviet intentions, analysis of: 67-68
Soviet liaison mission withdrawn: 24
Soviet troops, entries by: 16
troop unit strength, U.S.: 25, 52, 86
troop unit withdrawals, U.S.: 28-30
troop unit withdrawals, USSR demand for: 26
U.N., admission to sought: 14
U.N., appeal to: 73
U.N. resolution on security of: 193-94
U.N.-ROK ground forces, control of: 215-18
U.S. control structure: 25-26
U.S. failure, political effects: 105
U.S. nationals evacuated: 67-69, 71
U.S. recognizes: 14, 28
U.S. support assured: 40
withdrawal from proposed: 30, 393
Youth Corps: 313
Republic of Korea Army. See also National Police, ROK, plans for.
I Corps: 189, 195, 202-06, 216, 232, 236, 266, 363-64
II Corps: 206, 234-35, 257, 274
III Corps: 339-40, 363-64
1st Division: 204-05, 233-35
3d Division: 195, 301
6th Division: 234-35
26th Regiment: 236
air-naval support as precedent: 70
air units, MacArthur on need for: 34-35
aircraft strength: 40
Page 435
Republic of Korea Army-Continued
ammunition supplies to: 35, 66
arming of: 65-67, 313, 394n
artillery strength: 40
artillery transferred to: 35
attached to U.S. units: 167-68, 171-72, 188, 239, 342-43
casualties: 235, 405
combat effectiveness: 39-40, 70-71, 191n, 205, 326, 394
defections to North: 38
early defeats: 82
expansion, equipping, and training: 32-33, 35, 168, 230, 313-14, 392,
394-96
intelligence reports from, distrust of: 64
KMAG with: 70, 80-81
materiel losses: 238
materiel supplied to: 35, 77
morale: 65
mortars transferred to: 35
motor vehicles transferred to: 35
rocket launchers transferred to: 35
troop units, control of: 188, 191n, 205-06, 215-16, 218, 381-82, 385
troop units, strength: 34, 40, 387
troop units, structure: 34, 40
U.S. aid in forming: 30-36
US. officers to command, proposed: 394-95
weapons transferred to: 35
withdrawal of, proposed: 312-13, 316, 323-24
Republic of Korea Marine Corps: 207
Research and development: 46
Reserve components. See also Army Reserve; National Guard.
recalls to active duty: 87
specialists recalled: 122, 131, 135-36
USMCR, levies on: 160-62
Retrograde movements. See Withdrawal operations.
Rhee, Syngman. See also Republic of Korea.
amnesty proclamation, plans for: 180
arrival in Korea: 19
assistance to ROK, assured of: 35-36
Communists, enmity toward: 20-21
elected chairman of ROK Assembly: 26-27
elected and inaugurated president: 26-28
elections, plans for: 180
heads provisional government: 5
invasion, fears of: 35-37
MacArthur, assigns control of ROKA to: 102
MacArthur, conference with: 74
MacArthur address to: 185
military assistance asked by: 33-36
and North Korea, jurisdiction over: 220-21
provisional government representative: 5, 14
Ridgway, relations with: 308
and ROK government, restoration of: 180, 184
and ROKA, expansion and training: 394-95
trusteeship, opposition to: 26
U.N., seeks admission to: 14
U.S. recognition and support sought: 14
U.S. troop units, appeals for: 29, 72
and U.S. troop units, withdrawal of: 395
Ridgway, General Matthew B.: 376. See also Eighth Army; Far East Command
(FEC); United Nations Command (UNC).
and airborne units, deployment of: 170-71
and airlift, supply by: 341-42
air-naval commitment, recalls: 70
and amphibious operations: 336, 397
and armistice proposals: 399-405
and Army expansion: 299
attrition tactics: 333-34, 361-64, 382, 396, 397
in AUDACIOUS: 364
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 380, 382, 385
and Chinese intervention: 298, 308-09
Collins, directives from: 383, 385
command authority: 381, 385
command roles, conflict in: 382-87
command roles, redefined: 396
commanders, directive to: 381-82
commands Eighth Army: 305-06
and continental China, operations against: 380, 386, 396
in COURAGEOUS: 362-63
in DAUNTLESS: 363
departure from Korea: 379
and DMZ, establishment of: 399-402, 404-05
and emergency declaration: 299
estimates of situation by: 105, 131, 335-36, 379-82, 388-89, 398
and expansion of conflict: 381
and General Reserve, levies on: 91
Han River operations: 334-40
Inch'on operations: 308-09, 336
intelligence reports to: 308
and Japan, security of: 383-84, 386
JCS, directives from: 381-87, 395-96, 401-02
Joy, directive to: 382
at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 389, 397-404
in KILLER: 340
leadership, effect on troops: 327-28
limited offensives, directives on: 384-86, 397-99, 401-02
MacArthur, commendation by: 336, 348
MacArthur, relations with: 145-46, 167, 305-07, 378
and Manchuria, air operations against: 386
Marshall directives to: 383
military career: 306
mission as CINCUNC, evaluation of: 380, 382, 385-86
and morale: 390
and National Guard, levies on: 124
and naval operations: 336
North Korea, operations in: 361-64
Page 436
Ridgway, General Matthew B.-Continued
and objectives in Korea: 383-84, 397, 405
offensive, maintenance of: 308-10, 326, 331, 387, 402
and political settlement proposals: 390, 396, 400-401
and power plants, preservation of: 380-81
press correspondents, statements to: 326, 340, 359-60
and prisoners of war, disposition of: 381
and public reaction to armistice: 404
and Rashin, air operations against: 345, 380-81
and replacements, requisitions for: 130-32, 294, 384
Rhee, relations with: 308
in RIPPER: 354-55, 357
and ROK government, security of: 386
and ROKA, control of troops: 381-82, 385
and ROKA, effect of withdrawal plans on: 312
and ROKA, U.S. officers to command: 394-95
and ROKA expansion and training: 394-96
in RUGGED: 363
and security of plans and movements: 133, 340
Seoul, operations around: 308-10, 335-37, 354
and service units, reduction of: 342
and Soviet border, inviolability of: 380, 382, 385
and Soviet intervention: 381-83, 386
Stratemeyer, directive to: 382
supply system and operations: 341-42, 361-62
tactical plans: 308-09, 326, 333-38, 340, 348, 364, 378-80, 382, 387-
89, 400-401
Taylor, directive from: 383, 385
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 335-38, 351, 353-54, 359-60, 379-82
in THUNDERBOLT: 333-34, 336
Truman, directive from: 383
and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378-79
Van Fleet, directive to: 381-82
victory, comment on possibility of: 399n
visits to combat areas: 388-89, 402-03
and withdrawal operations: 309-10, 312-14, 331, 364, 382-83, 386, 395
and Yalu, air operations around: 380-81
Riots, Communist-inspired: 25
RIPPER: 354-55, 357
Road systems: 191, 279, 335
Roberts, Brig. Gen. William L.: 34-35, 39
Rocket launchers
deficiencies in: 84
transfer to ROKA: 35
ROLL-UP: 58-59
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: 7, 13
Roosevelt, Theodore: 4
ROUND-UP. See Han River.
Ruffner, Maj. Gen. Clark L.: 157-58, 164
RUGGED: 363
Rusk, Dean: 212, 242, 268, 359
Russia, imperial: 2-3. See also Soviet Union.
Russo-Japanese War: 3
Ryukyus Command (RYCOM): 49
Sakchu: 246
Sakhalin: 325
Samanko: 246
Samch'ok: 309-10
San Francisco Port of Embarkation: 229-30, 297
Sariwon: 188, 195-96
Sasebo: 93, 172
Seattle Port of Embarkation: 297
Sebald, William J.: 184
Secretary of the Air Force. See Finletter, Thomas K.
Secretary of the Army. See Army, Department of the; Pace, Frank, Jr.;
United States Army.
Secretary of Defense. See Johnson, Louis A.; Marshall, General of the
Army George C.
Secretary of the Navy. See Kimball, Dan A.; Matthews, Francis P.
Secretary of State. See Acheson, Dean G.
Security measures: 133
Selective Service system in Army expansion: 120-24
Seoul: 67, 69-70, 82, 152, 196, 202. See also United States Embassy,
Seoul.
loss of forecast: 72
NKA advance on and seizure: 14, 70-72
in occupation priority: 7-8, 11, 14
population: 11
recovery of: 106, 139, 146, 149-52, 154, 173, 177, 184-85, 188-89
U.S. occupation of: 16
withdrawal to and from: 283-84, 290-91, 308-09, 335-37, 354
Seoul-Ch'orwon-Wonsan corridor: 190
Seoul-Kimp'o-Inch'on defensive line: 67, 69-70
Seoul-P'yongyang axis: 400
Seoul-Wonsan axis: 400
Service units
employment: 97-98, 342-43
ratio to combat units: 54
reduction of: 342-44
troop strength in FEC: 342
Seventh Fleet: 69, 73, 77, 367, 369. See also Struble, Vice Adm.
Arthur D.
Shanghai: 5
Sheetz, Maj. Gen. Josef R.: 49
Shepherd, Lt. Gen. Lemuel C. (USMC): 150, 155, 161-62, 172
Sherman, Admiral Forrest P. See also Navy, Department of the; United
States Navy.
and Chinese intervention: 328
MacArthur, conference with: 149-51
and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 376
and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 160-64
and naval forces to halt invasion: 69
and replacements, problems of: 132
Seventh Fleet, orders move of: 69
and Soviet border, inviolability of: 279
Page 437
Shipping
Japan, contracted from: 209-10
requirements: 106-07, 300-301, 313
shortages in: 91
Shufeldt, Commodore Robert W.: 3-4
Signal Battalions, 4th and 101st: 134-36
Signal equipment, supply of: 208
Signal units, requisitions for: 134-35
Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95: 3
Sinuiju: 231, 239, 241-46
Sinup: 216n
Small arms. See Weapons.
Smith, Col. Aubrey D.: 158, 207
Smith, Lt. Col. Charles B.: 81. See also Task Force Smith, USA.
Smith, H. Alexander: 365n
Smith, Maj. Gen. Oliver P. (USMC)
and Inch'on operation: 147-49, 164, 172
MacArthur, conference with: 148
and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 164-65
and North Korea, operations in: 254-55, 261
and over-optimism in planning: 222n
in Wonsan operation: 206-07, 209
Sonch'on: 216
Songhyon-ni: 379
Songjin: 216
South Korea. See Korea; Republic of Korea.
Soviet Union. See also Malik, Jacob; Russia, imperial; Stalin, Joseph
V.; Vishinsky, Andrei A.
aggressor resolution, vote against: 333
air violations of by USAF: 200-201, 247
arms and aircraft supplied to NKA: 37, 187-88, 208-09, 230-32, 247
blockade of China, attitude toward: 318
border, inviolability of: 279, 346-47, 372, 380, 382, 384-85
Communist China, relations with: 197, 201, 317, 320
concessions to, proposed: 7, 288
elections protested by: 26
entries by troops: 16
foreign policy toward: 286
and Formosa issue: 371
intentions in Korea, analysis of: 67-69, 104
intervention by, plans for meeting: 69, 75-77, 178-80, 182, 188-89,
199, 222, 253, 268-70, 286-87, 298, 315, 325-26, 352, 381-83, 386,
391-92
invasion by NKA, role in: 61n, 178
Japan, enters war against: 8
Japan, threat to: 311
Korea, differences with U.S. over: 6-7, 23-25
Korea, policy on future of: 14, 19, 23-25
Korea invaded by: 8-11
liaison mission in ROK: 24
Manchuria occupied by: 10-11
military missions to NKA: 37
military strength: 41
NATO, threat to: 287
NKA, influence on: 67, 75-76, 84-85
as nuclear power: 41
occupation by anticipated: 8
occupation zone defined: 11
POL supplies to NKA: 37
power plant flow cut by: 26
propaganda campaigns: 22, 25, 296, 347
provisional government, proposals for: 22
training of NKA by: 25
troop units withdrawn from North Korea: 26, 29
trusteeship, agreement on: 21-22, 26
U.N. jurisdiction, objection to: 26
unification, opposition to: 22-23
U.S. calls on to intervene: 100
withdrawal proposed by: 28-29
Special Planning Staff, GHQ: 157-58
Special Reserve equipment stocks: 297
Specialists
requisitions for: 139, 155, 166-67
Reservists recalled: 122, 131, 135-36
Staffs. See Command and staff.
Stalin, Joseph V.: 9
and armistice proposal: 197
Hopkins, conferences with: 7, 13
Soviet occupation zone defined by: 11
trusteeship, agreement on: 7, 13
State, Department of. See also Acheson, Dean G.; State-War-Navy
Coordinating Committee (SWNCC) .
and armistice proposals: 290-91, 359
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 266-69
CINCUNC reports to UNO proposed by: 102-03
civil affairs, conduct of: 25, 221
and Communist China, admission to U.N.: 290-91
and continental China, operations against: 291, 332
courses of action considered: 349-51
DMZ, establishment proposed: 290-91
and expansion of conflict: 332
and Formosa, security of: 366-68
and Japanese contract shipping: 209-10
and Manchuria, air operations against: 235, 247
military assistance, role in: 117
military decisions, role in: 103-04
and national policy, clearance of statements on: 373
and North Korea, operations in: 193-94
and North Korea, withdrawal from: 290-91
and objectives in Korea: 181-82, 332, 349-51
and occupation troops, withdrawal of: 29-30
and political settlement proposals: 352, 357-59
and power plants, preservation of: 231-32
and Rashin, air operations against: 346-47
and ROK government, restoration of: 184-85
and ROKA, arming of: 67, 313
and Soviet border, inviolability of: 346-47
Page 438
State, Department of-Continued
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 351-54, 358
and U.K. concern over U.S. policies: 289-90
and withdrawal operations: 395
State-Army-Navy-Air Force Coordinating Committee (SANACC): 49-50
State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC): 9-10, 49-50
Strategic air operations: 108, 110, 112, 137, 241-44, 246-47, 249, 272,
277-78, 286, 300, 321, 329, 345. See also Air operations.
Air Force concept: 109-10
B-29 aircraft in: 241-44
central control lacking: 108
against Communist China, proposed: 283-84, 289, 292, 320
by Far East Air Forces: 241-44
GHQ Target Group, practice by: 110
in Inch'on operation: 146, 151-52
JCS directives on: 73, 76-77
against Manchuria, proposed: 241-46, 251, 272-73, 277-78, 281, 283-84,
291, 320-25, 338-39, 351
by Navy: 246
in North Korea: 281
against Soviet Union, proposed: 321
along Yalu, proposed: 241-46, 273
Stratemeyer, Lt. Gen. George E. (USAF). See also Far East Air Forces
(FEAF).
and air operations, control by: 108-09
air operations, plans for: 110-11
and airlift, supply by: 258, 341-42
and ammunition supply: 229
and Chinese intervention: 230-31
Collins, conference with: 283-84
commands FEAF: 49
and engineer troops, use of: 342
and Inch'on operation: 152
MacArthur, conference with: 188
and power plants, bombardment of: 348
and Rashin, bombardment of: 346
Ridgway, directive from: 382
and strategic air operations: 110, 241-42, 243n, 272
Struble, Vice Adm. Arthur D.
Chiang, conference with: 368
commands Joint Task Force Seven and Seventh Fleet: 172
and Inch'on operation: 172
MacArthur, commended by: 348
MacArthur, conference with: 149
and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 164-65
and Wonsan operation: 208, 216-17, 219
Sudong: 236
Suiho Hydroelectric Power Plant: 231, 241
Sukch'on: 215-16, 283
Sukhaya Rechk: 200-201
Sunch'on: 215-16, 283
Supply system and operations: 158, 190-91, 195, 229-30, 257-59, 263,
265, 297, 335, 341-42, 360-62, 363. See also Logistical system and
operations; Materiel.
by airlift: 195, 235, 257-58, 301, 341-42
of ammunition: 229-30, 236, 257
in Eighth Army: 398
FEC stocks, daily levels: 59
at Inch'on: 173-74
in North Korea operations: 281, 363-64
ration supply: 207-08
reduction, plans for: 222, 232
requisitions for: 81-86, 228-30, 297
shortages: 202
in UNC augmentation: 356
Supply system and operations, enemy: 261-62, 272-73, 279-81, 340, 346-
48, 384, 398-99, 403
Support units. See Service units; and by type and name.
Supreme Commander, Allied Powers (SCAP): 48. See also MacArthur, General
of the Army Douglas; Ridgway, General Matthew B.
"Supreme People's Assembly": 40
Surplus Property Act: 35
Surprise, application of: 173
Surprise, application by enemy: 62, 235, 275
Surrender demand by UNC: 186-88, 193, 195, 203-04
Suwon: 71-72, 74, 80-81, 106, 173, 326, 333-34
Sweden: 266
Tactical air operations: 109-10, 173, 215-16, 307. See also Air
operations.
concept of: 110
diversion of bombers to: 109-10, 241-44
in Inch'on operation: 146, 152
at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 398
by Marine Corps and Navy: 216, 303-04
in North Korea operations: 272
in withdrawal operations: 303-04
Tactical air operations, enemy: 61
Taebaek Ridge: 86, 191, 236, 279, 381
Taegu: 82, 111-12, 125, 326
Taejon: 82, 86, 111-13, 141, 142, 143, 177
Taejon-Taegu line: 143
Taejon-Taegu-Suwon line: 146, 152
Taft, William Howard: 4
Taiwan. See China, Nationalist; Formosa.
Tank Battalions: 94
Tank support: 82, 175, 326, 338, 387-88
Tank support, enemy: 236
Tank units
NKA strength: 39
requisitions for: 92-93
shortages of: 89
Tanks
employment, advice against use: 36
number serviceable: 46
Page 439
Tanks-Continued
reclamation and supply: 59
supply to Eighth Army: 297
Tanks, enemy: 39, 82, 84
Tanyang: 86
Task Force 77, USN: 108
Task Force 90, USN: 209
Task Force Smith, USA: 81-82
Tass news agency: 22
Taylor, Maj. Gen. Maxwell D.: 351
and Han River operations: 338-39
limited directives, directive on: 401n
and power plants, preservation of: 348
and Rashin, bombardment of: 347
Ridgway, directives to: 383, 385
and RIPPER: 354-55
and U.N. troops, requisitions for: 356
Technical services units. See Service units; and by type and name.
Technicians. See Specialists.
Terrain, effect on operations: 1-2, 191, 270, 280-81, 335, 341-42, 363-
64, 398-99
Thailand: 225
38th Parallel
operations around: 335-38, 351-54, 358-60, 379-82, 396
origin as demarcation line: 9-11
topography and communication lines: 11
THUNDERBOLT: 333-34, 336
Tides, effect on operations: 140-47
Toksil-li: 216
Tokyo
conference at: 278-82
as FEC headquarters: 49
in occupation priority: 7
Topography. See Terrain, effect on operations.
Training
airborne units: 169-70
for airlift: 57
for amphibious operations: 57
FEAF program: 54-58
for Inch'on: 159
MacArthur, directives on: 130, 165-66, 168
in NavFFE: 55
in North Korean Army: 36-37
realism applied: 159
X Corps program: 159
Walker, role in: 165-66
Transport aircraft, shortage of: 88
Transportation units, requisitions for: 98
Trans-Siberia railroad: 321
Treasury, Department of the: 318
Troop units. See also Replacements; also by type and name.
Army Reserve strength: 121
Asiatic, employment proposed: 193-94
Australian, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
Belgian, deployment of: 225, 227
Canadian, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
combat to service, ratio of: 54
combat-ready troops, requisitions for: 92-99
Communist China, deployment of: 179, 222n, 233-34
decision to commit: 79, 80
Eighth Army strength: 52, 54, 342-44
enemy strength: 36-37, 212-14, 241, 244-45, 259n, 260, 274-77, 280-81,
364, 380, 384-85, 387, 405
estimates of needs: 107-08
EUCOM, deployment to: 223, 286
EUCOM strength: 45
FEAF strength: 52-53, 196
FEC, quality of: 55-57
FEC, strength and turnover: 43-45, 52-55, 89-92, 230
FEC, structure in: 49, 53-54
French, deployment of: 225, 227, 356
General Reserve strength: 44-45, 118
Greek, deployment of: 225, 227, 356
infantry shortages in FEC: 89
Latin America, deployment of: 356-57
Marine Corps. See United States Marine Corps
military missions, strength in: 43
movement, security of: 133, 340
Nationalist China, use proposed: 116-17, 283-84, 295-96, 319-21, 329
Netherlands, deployment of: 225, 227
New Zealand, deployment of: 225, 227, 356-57
NKA structure: 39
occupation forces withdrawn: 30
PACOM strength: 43
Philippines, deployment of: 227-28, 356
reductions, protested and justified: 52-53
requisitions for: 78-79, 80, 83-86, 106-08, 118
ROKA, control of: 205-06, 218, 381-82, 385
ROKA strength: 34, 40, 387
ROKA structure: 34, 40
service units, reduction of: 343-44
Thai, deployment of: 225
Turkey, deployment of: 225, 356
U.K., deployment and withdrawal: 224-25, 227-28, 356-57
UNC, number employed: 117, 196, 225, 230, 405
UNC, requisitions for: 224-28, 237-38, 344, 356-57, 384
UNC, withdrawal of: 222
U.S., withdrawal of: 28-30, 395
U.S. strength: 25, 45, 52-53, 86, 123, 221
withdrawal of demanded by Soviet Union: 26
Trucks. See Motor vehicles.
Truman, Harry S.
advisers, reliance on: 177-79
and aggression, U.S. attitude toward: 292
air-naval commitment approved by: 69, 73
air operations, directive on: 76
and armistice proposals: 287, 292-93, 403
Page 440
Truman, Harry S.-Continued
Army expansion approved by: 119-20
Army Reserve, call-up by: 88
and atomic bomb, potential use: 288
Attlee, conference with: 288-93
and blockade of China: 102
in chain of authority: 42
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249
and Chinese intervention: 198, 200-202, 231, 252, 285-86
civil affairs, transfers from military: 25
and collective security, need for: 333
Collins, conference with: 79
as Commander in Chief: 79
and Communist China, admission to U.N.: 292-93
and Communist China, concessions to: 292-93
and Communist China, recognition of: 332-33
and Communist China as aggressor: 333
Communist China assets frozen by, 318
Communist expansion, determination to resist: 67n
Congressional approval unsought: 73
and continental China, operations against: 317-18, 320-21, 324, 329-
30, 369
defense officials, meetings with: 68-70, 72-74, 76
emergency declaration by: 299-300
and expansion of conflict: 317-18, 320-21, 324
and Formosa, security of: 366-71
and General Reserve, levies on: 93-94, 132
ground forces, decision to deploy: 79, 80
and Inch'on operation: 151n, 154
invasion, reaction to: 66
and Japanese surrender procedures: 10
Joseph W. Martin letter: 374
and Korea as strategic area: 50
and limited offensives: 402
MacArthur commended by: 185-86, 325
and MacArthur violation of directives: 359, 366-67, 373-74
military-naval reinforcements ordered by: 69
and National Guard, levies on: 123-24
and national policy, clearance of statements on: 284, 324-25, 332-33,
349, 358-59, 366, 373
National Security Council, meeting with: 73
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 116, 320-21
and North Korea, drive on: 183n, 191
and North Korea, operations in: 282, 285-86
and objectives in Korea: 177, 179-82, 255-56, 349, 357-58, 393
and occupation, U.N. directives on: 220-21
Pleven, conference with: 332-33
and political settlement proposals: 357-59, 374, 393
Rhee, reassurance of assistance to: 35-36
Ridgway, directive to: 383
ROK, view on fall of: 67n
and ROKA, expansion and training: 394
and ROKA, withdrawal of: 313
and Soviet intentions, analysis of: 69
and Soviet intervention: 76, 286-87
and strategic air operations: 242-44, 246, 249
and UNO, military assistance from: 61
as UNO agent: 101
and U.S. as UNO agent: 317n
and Van Fleet, assignment of: 378
and VFW, MacArthur statement to: 370-71
at Wake Island conference: 210-14
and withdrawal operations: 30, 287, 292, 296n, 324-25
Trusteeship
agreement on: 7, 13, 21-22, 26
Communist support of in South Korea: 22
Nationalist China agreement on: 13, 26
opposition to in South Korea: 21-22, 26
Soviet agreement on: 7, 13, 21-22, 26
Tumen River: 245-46, 399n
Tunner, Maj. Gen. William H. (USAF): 258
Turkey
materiel losses by: 297
troop units, deployment of: 225, 356
Turner, Maj. Gen. Howard M. (USAF): 49. See also Air Force, Thirteenth.
Uijongbu: 70-71, 308, 387-89
Uisong: 127
Underwater demolition teams: 148
Unification, proposed and opposed: 20-23
Unified commands: 43, 45, 47n, 48n
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). See Russia, imperial;
Soviet Union; Stalin, Joseph V.
United Kingdom, See also Attlee, Clement R.; Bevin, Ernest.
8th Hussars: 224-25
27th Infantry Brigade: 204-05, 227
29th Infantry Brigade: 224-25, 227-28
and blockade of China: 318
and Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249, 267
and Chinese intervention: 251
MacArthur, attitude toward: 251, 288, 290, 365-66, 372
military assistance from: 115
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 296
and objectives in Korea: 292-93
and political settlement proposals: 360-61
and strategic air operations: 242-43
troop units, deployment and withdrawal: 224-25, 227-28, 356-57
trusteeship, view on: 13, 26
UNO agent, introduces resolution on: 101
U.S., relations with: 331
U.S. policies, concern over: 289-93
Page 441
United Nations Command (UNC). See also MacArthur, General of the Army
Douglas; Ridgway, General Matthew B.
activated: 103
casualties: 238, 405
and Chinese troops, reports on: 199-200
and CINC, reports from: 102-03
CINC, U.S. asked to appoint: 101-02
evacuation of Korea considered: 289, 290
FEC staff doubles for: 103
JCS opposes committee command: 101
MacArthur named CINC: 102
objectives attained: 405-06
supply in augmentation of: 356
troop units, number employed: 117, 405
troop units, withdrawal of: 222
troop units strength: 196, 225, 230, 405
UNC-ROKA forces, control of: 215-18
United Nations Organization (UNO)
aggressor resolution, vote on: 332-33
and armistice proposals: 288-90, 331, 333
and Chinese border, inviolability of: 249, 268
Commission in Korea (UNCOK): 194
Commission for Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea (UNCURK): 194,
212, 220, 231-32, 269
Committee on Coordination of Assistance for Korea (CCAK): 100-101
Committee of Good Offices: 360
Communist China, admission proposed: 197, 290-93, 331
and Communist Chinese intervention: 242, 266-67
and continental China, operations against: 317, 320
DMZ, proposals for: 290
elections, supervision of: 219-20, 269, 331
Far East problems, conference to settle: 331
and Formosa issue: 369-71
France introduces agent resolution: 101
invasion, reaction to: 66-67
JCS as agent for: 101-03, 243
joint action, resolution on: 73-74, 100-102, 177-78, 185, 369-71
joint action, U.S. proposal for: 68, 73, 100
jurisdiction protested by USSR: 26
Korean stability, resolution on: 193-94
Malik proposal rejected: 197
military assistance from: 61, 115-17
and Nationalist China, use of troops: 319
objectives in Korea: 349, 392
occupation, control by: 219-21
occupation, directives on: 220-21
occupation troops ordered withdrawn: 30
reports to, directive on: 102-03
ROK admission sought: 14
ROK appeals to: 73
seen as composing differences: 23
Soviet boycott of: 66, 101, 194
Temporary Commission on Korea: 26, 40
and 38th Parallel, advance across: 351, 353
and troop units, control of: 103n
and troop units, requisitions for: 224-28, 237-38, 344, 356-57, 384
and Truman as Security Council agent: 101
U.K. introduces agent resolution: 101
U.S. action confirmed by: 73-74
U.S. as agent: 317n
U.S. brings problem to: 26
U.S. commitment without sanction of: 70, 73
and withdrawal operations: 331
United States. See also Roosevelt, Franklin D.; Truman, Harry S.
and Cairo Declaration on Korea: 6
China territorial violation charged to: 197
and collective security: 41
communism, policy toward containing: 100
Communist China, recognition proposed: 292
elections proposed by: 26
Europe as chief interest: 41
independence, policy toward: 14
invasion plans: 8
Korea, relations with: 3-4
Korea, treaties with: 3
language barrier, effect of: 18-19
military assistance from: 35-36
military missions to ROK: 4, 29-30
military policy: 41-42
national defense, effect of commitment on: 104-05
Nationalist China, relations with: 319
nationals evacuated: 67-69, 71
NATO, role in: 41, 287
and objectives in Korea: 292, 349-50
occupation objective defined: 19
occupation zone defined: 11
policies, foreign concern over: 289-93
and provisional government, return of: 16, 22
ROK, recognition of: 14, 28
Soviet Union, calls on to intervene: 100
Soviet Union, differences with: 6-7, 23-25
trusteeship, agreement on: 21-22, 26
U.K., relations with: 331
U.N., problem brought to: 26
as U.N. agent: 317n
U.N. joint action proposed by: 68, 73, 100
U.N. sanctions action: 73-74
unification, proposals for: 20-23
United States Air Force. See also Air Force, Department of the; Far East
Air Forces (FEAF); Vandenberg, General Hoyt S.
China, air violations of: 247
commitment proposed: 70, 73
no FEC staff representation: 108
GHQ, relations with 47
intelligence reports, evaluation by: 63
Soviet territory, violations of: 200-201, 247
Page 442
United Slates Air Force-Continued
strategic air operations, concept of: 109-10
units, requisitions for: 239
United States Army. See also Army, Department of the; Pace, Frank, Jr.;
War Department.
ammunition stocks: 46
antiaircraft guns, stocks of: 46
Army area organization: 42n
Army Reserve, role in expansion of: 120-22
casualties: 405
combat effectiveness: 56-57, 282, 292, 322-23
Congress approves expansion: 120n
construction machinery stocks: 46
divisions, number in: 53
expansion and reduction: 118-22, 238, 297-99, 307-09
field artillery stocks: 46
Kim Il Sung on tactics of: 114n
Koreans, number attached to: 167-68, 171-72, 239
materiel, state of: 45-46
materiel, World War II, disposition of: 58
mobilization base, effect of levies on: 90-91
motor vehicles stocks: 46
national defense, structure in: 42-43
National Guard role in expansion: 120, 122-25
NSC, role in expansion: 298-99
radio stocks: 46
ROKA, officers to command: 394-95
Selective Service role in expansion: 120-24
strategic planning. post-World War II: 41-42
strength of, expansion and reduction: 46, 86-88, 119-20, 221-22, 239,
288, 299
tanks in stock: 46
troop strength, periodic: 43, 45, 53, 123, 221
weapons, deficiencies in: 86-87
weapons research and development: 46
United States Army Forces in Korea (USAFIK)
ADCOM, proposed merger with: 86
governmental authority ends: 28
Hodge succeeded by Coulter: 26-27
inactivated: 86
JCS, placed under control of: 25
United States Embassy, Seoul: 62-63, 65
United States Marine Corps
air support by: 216, 303-04
Reserve forces, levies on: 160-62
troop units, employment of: 92, 139, 142-43, 159-65
troop units, strength: 86-87, 159-60
United States Navy. See also Kimball, Dan A.; Naval Forces, Far East
(NavFFE); Navy, Department of the; Sherman, Admiral Forrest P.
air support by: 216, 246, 303-04
commitment proposed: 70, 73
no FEC staff representation: 108
GHQ, relations with: 47
units, requisitions for: 239
Unity of command, principle exemplified: 114-17
Unsan: 235
U.S. News & World Report: 284, 371
Utchin: 152
Van Fleet, Lt. Gen. James A.
and amphibious operations: 397
arrival in Korea: 379
assignment of: 378-79
commands Eighth Army: 376, 378-79
and DMZ, establishment of: 399-400
estimate of situation by: 398
at KANSAS-WYOMING lines: 380, 387-89, 398-403
and limited offensives: 398, 400-402
patrol bases, operations from: 387-88, 398
Ridgway, directives from: 381-82
and ROKA, control of troops: 382
and ROKA, expansion and training: 394
and ROKA, U.S. officers to command: 394-95
tactical plans: 379, 387-89, 397-98, 400-401
tank support, use of: 387-88
troops, number commanded by: 387
victory, comment on chances of: 339n
and withdrawal operations: 379-80
Vandenberg, General Hoyt S.: 168, 330. See also Air Force, Department of
the.
and air forces to halt invasion: 69
and airlifts, plans for: 157
and airlifts, supply by: 258
Formosa, orders aircraft to: 69
and limited offensives: 401
MacArthur, conferenced with: 105-06, 140, 325-27
and MacArthur, relief of: 365n, 376
and reconnaissance, aerial and ground: 327
strategic air operations, concept of: 110
visits to combat areas: 108, 327
Veterans of Foreign Wars: 370-71
Vishinsky, Andrei A.: 371. See also Soviet Union.
Vladivostok: 188, 268, 279, 321, 325, 347
Volunteer Reserves. See Army Reserve.
Waegwan: 127, 202
Wake Island conference: 210-14, 218, 220, 222-23, 232, 371
Walker, General Walton H. See also Eighth Army.
Almond, conference with: 125
and ammunition supply: 229-30, 236, 257
and amphibious operations: 141n
Bolte, conference with: 237
and Chinese intervention: 235-36
Collins, conferences with: 137, 282-83
combat and training, dual role in: 165-66
commands Eighth Army: 49
commands EUSAK and Eighth Army Rear: 86
commands UNC ground forces: 196
commands U.S. ground forces: 86
death of: 305
enemy troop strength, estimates by: 274
ground units, deployment by: 91
Page 443
Walker, General Walton H.-Continued
Hickey, conferences with: 127, 129, 145
and Inch'on operation: 145, 153-54
and Kunsan operation: 176-77
MacArthur, relations with: 125-26, 188-90, 307
and Marine Corps troops, employment of: 164-65
and Naktong River operations: 145
North Korea, drive on: 183-84, 189-90, 195-96
North Korea, operations in: 202-14, 215, 234-36, 245, 257-60, 262,
266, 271-73, 274-75, 278-83
and Pusan operations: 113-14, 125-27, 131-32, 137-38, 144-46, 148,
151-54, 155, 162-64, 165n, 174-77, 283-84, 290, 300-301, 312, 314
and P'yongyang operations: 216, 218, 235-36, 304
replacements, requisitions for: 107-08, 137, 166
and ROKA troops, control of: 205-06
specialists, requisitions for: 166-67
supplies, requisitions for: 297
supply system and operations: 257-59
tactical plans: 125-27, 131-32, 257-59, 272, 304
Taejon-Taegu line, defense of: 143
at Tokyo conference: 278-82
withdrawal operations: 304-05
War Department: 25-26. See also Army, Department of the; State-War-Navy
Coordinating Committee.
Weapons. See also Materiel; also by name.
deficiencies in: 82, 84-87
nationalist China deficiencies: 320
reclamation and supply: 54-60
research and development in: 46
shortages: 54, 106
transfer to ROKA: 35
Weather, effect on operations: 191, 266, 272, 279, 341, 346, 363, 390,
398
Wedemeyer, Lt. Gen. Albert C.: 28, 37, 365n
Weible, Maj. Gen. Walter L.: 49, 136-37, 229-30.
See also Japan Logistical Command.
Weyland, Lt. Gen. Otto P. (USAF): 110-11
Whitney, Maj. Gen. Courtney: 161n, 212, 278-81, 335-36
Wiley, Alexander: 365n
Willoughby, Maj. Gen. Charles A.
and air operations, control of: 110-11
Chinese troops, reports on: 179, 198-200, 233-34, 239-41, 259, 263,
273, 276-77
intelligence estimates and reports by: 62-64. 139-40, 179, 202, 259-
60, 263, 272-73, 274-77, 304-05, 337-38
North Korean troops, report on: 273
tactical exercise by: 159
at Tokyo conference: 278-82
Withdrawal operations: 30, 180, 222-30, 237, 254, 271, 287-92, 294,
296n, 298, 300-306, 309-14, 316-17, 321-25, 327-28, 331, 338-39,
364, 378-80, 382-83, 386, 391, 395-96
air support of: 303-04
by Communist Chinese: 389-90
doctrine lacking on: 301-02
ROKA, effect on: 323-24
WOLFHOUND: 326
Wolmi-do: 147, 173
Wonju: 340
Wonsan: 236, 397, 400
naval support at: 208, 216-17, 219
operations at: 141n, 187-91, 195-96, 202, 204-10, 212, 216-19, 232,
236
port operation: 206, 259
Wonsan Airfield: 216
Wonsan-P'yongyang road: 188
Wonsan-Yandok road: 263
Wright, Maj. Gen. Edwin K. See also Joint Strategic Plans and Operations
Group (JSPOG).
and airfields, defense of: 300
enemy troop strength, estimates by: 260
and GHQ Reserve, headquarters for: 155-57
and Hungnam operation: 205-06
and Inch'on operation: 139, 141n, 149, 176, 190n
and Koreans, attachment to U.S. units: 167
and Marine Corps units, employment of: 164-65
and North Korea, drive on: 187-89, 191
and North Korea, operations in: 260-63, 279
and strategic air operations: 277-78, 300
at Tokyo conference: 278-82
and withdrawal operations: 237, 300-301, 312-13
Wright, Col. William H. S.: 36
WYOMING line: 363-64, 379-80, 384, 386, 396, 397-99, 401-03
Yalta Conference: 7
Yalu River, operations around: 179, 190, 197, 230-31, 233-37, 240-47,
250-56, 257, 262, 265-66, 268-73, 274, 276-78, 287, 290, 347-48,
372, 380-81, 399n
Yanggu: 379
Yangnung: 334-35
Yangp'yong: 340
Yangyang: 304, 361, 363, 380
Yellow Sea: 145, 146
Yesong River: 361, 363, 401-02
Yoju: 333
Yokohama: 172
Yonan Peninsula: 401-02
Yonch'on: 379-80
Yongch'on: 308
Yongdok: 127
Yongdong: 112-13
Yonghung-Taepyong-ni road: 263
Yongp'yong: 304, 334-35
Yongwol: 340
Yongwon: 188-89, 195-96, 216
Youth Corps, ROK: 313
Yugoslavia: 101, 333