Endnotes for Chapter IV

1 Stevens-Burns, Okinawa Diary, entries for 3 and 4 April.

2 Unless otherwise noted, the account of the Japanese units and weapons on Okinawa was taken from Tenth Army G-2 Combat Intelligence Collecting Agency (CICA), Prisoner of War Interrogation Summaries, Nos. 1-19, Jul-Aug 45. These summaries are based on extensive interrogations of a large number of prisoners captured for the most part at the end of the campaign. A good deal of the material in Tenth Army G-2 Intelligence Monograph, Ryukyus Campaign. Aug 45, Pts. I-V, is based on these summaries. The original typescript summaries are, however, fuller and more accurate sources.

3 See Tenth Army G-2 PW Interrog Rpt No. 28, 6 Aug 45 (hereafter cited as Interrog Yahara). This is a verbatim report of the interrogation of Col. Hiromichi Yahara, senior staff officer, the most important Japanese officer captured on Okinawa. Also Tenth Army G-2 PW Interrog Rpt No. 27, 24 Jul 45 (hereafter cited as Interrog Shimada), a verbatim report of the interrogation of Akira Shimada, civilian secretary to General Cho.

4 CINCPAC-CINCPOA Bull No. 194-45: Empire Defense Opns Plan, Special Transl No. 86, 7 Aug 45, PP. 5. 6. The Japanese plan was dated 15 Jun 44.

5 Tenth Army G-2 CICA Transl No. 83, 19 May 45: Standard for Establishment of Nansei Shoto Garrison Plan, 1 Jan 45; Transl No. 228, 6 Jul 45: 32d Army Op Ord A #110, 3 Mar 45; Transl No. 76, 15 May 45: 62d Div Op Ord A25, 8 Mar 45; Tenth Army G-2 Wkly Summary, 15 Aug 45; XXIV Corps G-2 Summary No. 16, 24 Jun-1 Jul 45, Incl 3: OB Summary. See also Tenth Army PW Interrog Summary No. 18, 31 Jul 45: Civilian Defense Organizations.

6 See n. 2. See also 32d Army equipment and weapons chart, 1 Dec 44, in Tenth Army Int Monograph, Pt. I, Sec. B, Order of Battle, pp. 4-7.

7 Tenth Army Transl No. 4, 17 Apr 45: 32 Army Ord No. 82,19 Jul 44. 

8 Tenth Army Transl: 32d Army Instructions, 6 Aug 44.

9 Interrog Yahara.

10 Interrog Yahara; Interrog Shimada; U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific), Naval Analysis Division, The Campaigns of the Pacific War, pp. 324, 325. 

11 Ibid.

12 Tenth Army PW Interrog Summary No. 4; Int Monograph, Pt. I, Sec. A, General Tactical Essay, p. 10: 32d Army Op Ord A H 111, 11 Mar 45.

13 Tenth Army Transl No. 149, 17 Apr 45: 32d Army Ord 82, 19 Jul 44; Transl No. 237, 7 Jul 45: 32d Army Op Ord 127, 28 Mar 45; XXIV Corps G-2 Transl, Batch No. 70, Item No. 11, 17 Apr 45: 32d Army Op Ord A 113, 21 Mar 45; Item No. 14: 1st Specially Established Regt Op Ord 1, 30 Mar 45

14 Tenth Army PW Interrog Summary No. 1, 5 Aug 45: 32d Army; Summary No. 2, 2 Aug 45: The 62d Division; Transl No. 214, 3 Jul 45: 32d Army Op Ord A 98, 26 Jan 45; Trans] No. 232, 6 Jul 45: 32d Army Op Ord A 116, 24 Mar 45; Int Monograph, Pt. V, Special PW Interrog, p. 5; CINCPAC-CINCPOA Bull No. 186-45; Transl Interrog No. 37, 24 Jul 45, PP. 43-50: 63d Brigade Defense Plans, 20 Feb 45.

15 Tenth Army Int Monograph, Pt. I, Sec. A, General Tactical Essay, pp. 4-8. 

16 Tenth Army PW Interrog Summary No. 3, 2 Aug 45: 24th Division; Transl No. 214, 3 Jul 45. 

17 Tenth Army Transl Nos. 214, 238, PW Interrog Summary No. 11. 

18 Interrog Yahara. 

19 1st Demobilization Ministry Tokyo, Answers to Questions Regarding the Okinawa Operation, 22 Dec 45. These were answers to questions submitted by the Tenth Army historian and were based on the memory of a staff officer in charge in Imperial Headquarters, fragmentary documents, and statements of participants in the operation. 

20 Tenth Army Transl No. 4, 17 Apr 45: 32d Army Ord No. 82, 19 Jul 44.

21 Answers to Questions Regarding the Okinawa Operation.

22 Ibid.; Tenth Army Transl No. 168, 20 Jun 45: 32d Army Op Ord A 106, 15 Feb 45; PW Interrog Rpt No. 23.

23 Interrog Yahara; XXIV Corps G-2 PW Interrog Rpt No. 54, 6 May 45.

24 Answers Regarding the Okinawa Operation; Tenth Army PW Interrog Rpt No. 16, 14 Jun 45.

25 XXIV Corps G-2 Transl Batch No. 70, Item No.11, 17 Apr 45, 32d Army Op Ord A 113, 21 Mar 45; Tenth Army Transl No. 310, 11 Jul 45, 32d Army Op Ord A 114, 27 Mar 45.

26 CINCPAC-CINCPOA Opns in POA, Apr 45, PP. 47. 51, 52, and Plates VII, XIX; CTF 58 Actn Rpt, Incl H; CTF 51 Actn Rpt, II-17, 18, 19. For operational dates of Yontan and Kadena airfields, see Tactical Air Force (TAF) Actn Rpt Ryukyus, 5-0-2; interv 1st I & H Hist Off with Lt Col Eugene H. Hawkins, Tactical Air Force, 13 Apr 45; see, however, Tenth Army Actn Rpt,11-X-4, 5, and TAF Actn Rpt, 6-III-1, which give operational dates as 7 and 10 April respectively.

27 CINCPAC-CINCPOA Opns in POA, Apr 45, pp. 50, 52; CTF 51 Actn Rpt, II-18 and III-20, 21, 22; CTF 58 Actn Rpt, I-7, 8; personal obsn Lt Col John Stevens, 6 Apr 45. 

28 CTF 58 Actn Rpt, I-8, 9.

29 Ibid., pp. 9, 10; CINCPAC-CINCPOA Opns in POA, Apr 45, pp. 63, 68.

30 Tenth Army Actn Rpt, 11-VI-21 and 11-X-8, 12, 13; interv 1st I & H Off with Brig Gen Chas. S. Harris, Tenth Army AAA Off, 11 Jul 45.

31 CTF 51 Actn Rpt, II-16, 17, 18, and III-67, 68, 69; CTF 58 Actn Rpt, 1-12, 13.

32 CINCPAC-CINCPOA Opns in POA, Apr 45, PP. 50, 66, 70-76; CTF 51 Actn Rpt, II-15, 16, 17.

33 CINCPAC-CINCPOA Opns in POA, Apr 45, PP. 1, 2, 5, 6, 17, 50.

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