Current As Of 10 December 1996
Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, München. (Munich).
Kriegsarchiv, München.
von Feilitzsch, Heinrich Karl Philipp. Diary,
7 March 1777-3 June 1780.
Prechtel, Johann Ernst. Beschreibung derer Von 7.
Mart: bis 9. Decembr: 1783. In Nord America
mitgemachten Feld-Züge.
British Museum. (London).
Additional Manuscripts.
Rainsford Papers. [Records of the British
Commissary of Musters for the German auxiliary
troops.]
Clements Library, University of Michigan. (Ann Arbor).
Von Jungkenn Papers.
Huntington Library. (San Marino, Calif.).
Diary of an Unknown German Soldier.
Landeskirchliches Archiv, Nürnberg. (Nurnberg).
Militärkirchenbücher der Militärpfarrei bei St.
Johannis, Ansbach. [Military Church Records of the
Military Chaplaincy at St. Johannis Church, Ansbach.]
Library of Congress. (Washington, D.C.).
Microfilms and Photostats of Documents in German
Repositories.
Historischer Verein für Mittlefranken [Ansbach].
2 rolls. Documents specifically valuable for
Anspach-Bayreuth contingent.
Bayerisches Kreisarchiv [Bamberg]. 3 rolls.
Documents specifically valuable for Anspach-
Bayreuth contingent.
Historischer Verein Fur Oberfranken [Bayreuth].
1 roll. Documents specifically valuable for
Anspach-Bayreuth contingent, including
mansuscript Stephen Popp diary.
Staatsarchiv, Hamburg [Hamburg]. Ritzebuttel.
3 rolls. Includes embarkation rolls of various
contingents.
Geschichtsverein, Hanau [Hanau]. 1 box.
Miscellaneous materials primarily for Hesse-
Hanau, but some Hesse-Cassel.
Preussisches Staatsarchiv, Hannover [Hannover].
General Kommando. 7 rolls. Exceptionally
valuable on all contingents, including routes
of march, regimental lists, budgeting data.
Landesbibliothek, Kassel [Kassel]. 2 boxes.
Includes manuscript diaries of the Erbprinz,
Mirbach, Lossburg regiments and Linsing
battalion, and various paperwork from Mirbach's
brigade.
Preussisches Staatsarchiv, Marburg [Marburg].
61 boxes pertaining primarily to the Hesse-
Cassel contingent and including virtually all
the official records to include three boxes
from the Trenton court martial; 26 boxes from
the Kriegsministerium (formerly Heeresarchiv)
for Hesse-Cassel; 16 boxes of the Furstlich
Waldeckisches Kabinett pertaining to the 3e
Regiment Waldeck.
Bayerisches Staatsarchiv, Nürnberg [Nurnburg].
Ansbacher Oberamtskat. 3 rolls relating
primarily to the Ansbach-Bayreuth contingent
prior to deployment.
Landesarchiv, Oldenburg [Oldenburg]. Heerschaft
Jever. 3 rolls. Relating to Anhalt-Zerbst
contingent (Jever district was part of Anhalt-
Zerbst).
Landeshauptarchiv, Wolfenbüttel [Wolfenbuttel].
Riedesel Papers. 57 rolls. Cover far more
than just the war.
Historische Handeschrift. 3 rolls. Including
the Wasmus diary.
Acta Militaria. 15 rolls. Primary collection
of official documents from Braunschweig-
Lünenburg contingent.
Library of His Highness Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein. (Glüksburg/Ostle, Germany).
Ewald, Johann. Journal.
Morristown National Historical Park. (Morristown, N.J.).
Lidgerwood Hessian Papers.
Anonymous. Journal geführt bei dem Hochlöblich
Hessischen Feld-Jäger-Corps Während der Campagnen
der Königl. Grossbritannischen Armee in Nord-
Amerika.
Murhardsche Bibliothek der Stadt Kassel und Landesbibl iothek. (Kassel).
4º Ms. hass. 186: Tagebuch des Obrist Lieutnants von
Dinklage 1776-84.
New York Public Library. (New York City).
Bancroft Collection. [Primarily Nineteenth Century
copies of manuscripts in German repositories.]
Piel, Jakob. Tagebuch des hessischen Lieutenants
Piel von 1776 bis 1783.
Rüffer, Karl Friedrich. Journal des Lieutenant
Rüffer von Milsungen, den I. März 1776 bis 28
Dezember 1777 (bis Ende der 2. Campagne
Newyork).
Steuernagel, Carl Philipp. Kurze Beschreibung der
Reise und über den Feldzug des Fürstlich
Waldeckischen Dritten Regiments in Amerika von
20 Mai 1776 angefangen bis zur zurückkunft anno
1783 aus Amerika, wie auch über den Feldzug
nachgehendes in Holland vom 3ten März 1785
gegen den Römischen Kaiser.
Waldeck, Philipp. Tagebuch von Ausmarsch des
Hochfürstl. Waldeckl. 3ten Regiments angeführt
Ph. Waldeck Feldprediger des IIIten Regt.
Staatsarchiv Hannover. (Hannover).
52 III, Nr. 29: Diarium (Briefe) des als Adjutant des
englischen Generals Sir William Howe am
Nordamerikanischen Freiheitskriege teilnehmenden
Hauptmanns Friedrich v. Münchhausen an sienen Bruder
Wilhelm v. M., Geh. Kriegsrat in Hannover 1776-8.
Staatsarchiv Marburg. (Marburg).
Kirchenbuch von hess. Truppenteilen a. d. amerik.
Felzüg 1776-83: Abschrift B: Tagebuch des Pfarrers
Kümmel Feldprediger bei den Fürstlich Hessichen
Regimenter von Huyn und von Bünau.
4º Ms. hess. 28: Journal of the Regiment jung-Lossberg
(formerly Mirbach).
4h.412 nr. 2: Journal of Regiment Prinz Karl.
12.11 I Ba 1: Journal of Regiment von Ditfurth.
12.11 I Ba 2: Journal of Regiment von Lossberg.
12.11 I Ba 3: Journal of Grenadier Regiment von
Bischhausen (formerly Rall's).
12.11 I Ba 4: Journal of Regiment Landgraf, later the
Lieb-Infanterie-Regiment.
12.11 I Ba 5: Journal of Regiment von Donop.
12.11 I Ba 6: Journal of Regiment von Knyphausen.
12.11 I Ba 7: Journal of Regiment von Bose.
12.11 I Ba 9: Order Book of Regiment Mirbach.
12.11 I Ba 10: Journal of Leib Regiment.
12.11 I Ba 11: Journal of Regiment Prinz Friedrich
(formerly Erbprinz).
12.11 I Ba 12: Journal of Regiment von Wissenbach,
later von Knoblauch.
12.11 I Ba 13: Journal of Garrison Regiment von Huyn.
12.11 I Ba 14: Journal of Block's Battalion.
12.11 I Ba 15: Journal of Minnigerode's Battalion.
12.11 I Ba 16: Journal of Grenadier Battalion von
Platte.
12.11 I Ba 17: Journal of Feldjägerkorps.
Staatsarchiv Nürnberg. (Nurnberg).
Ansbacher Kriegsakten. [Ansbach War Files].
HStAM, IV, nr. 2: Diary of First Lieutenant
Johann Ernst Prechtel.
Stang, Georg Adam. March Ruthen für Georg Adam
Stang, Haudtboist Bayreuth den I9t Januar 1784.
Stadtsarchiv Bayreuth. (Bayreuth).
Mss. 1000: Tagebuch des mark-gräflichen Jäger-
leutnants Carl Philipp von Feilitzsch März 1777 bis
Juni 1780.
Stadtsarchiv Frankfurt-am-Main. (Frankfurt).
Depositum Adolf Reuber. Nr. 1: Tagebuch des
Grenadiers Johannes Reuber.
Altner, Hanns G. "The Diary of Captain Wiederhold and the Hessians: A Military Idyll of the Days of 1776." Historical Review of Berks County, 2 (January 1937), pp. 50-54.
Andrews, Melodie. "'Myrmidons from Abroad': The Role of the German Mercenaries in the Coming of American Independence." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Houston, 1986.
Anonymous. "Aus heimat und fremde [From Home and Abroad]." Hessenland (1906), pp. 142-143.
Atwood, Rodney. The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
-----. "The Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution." Thesis, Cambridge University, 1978.
Auerbach, Inge, et al. Hessen und die Amerikanische Revolution 1776. Marburg: das Hessische Staatsarchiv, 1976.
-----; Franz G. Eckhart; and Otto Frölich, editors. Hessische Truppen im amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg [HETRINA]. 5 vols. Marburg: Veröttenlichungen der Archivschule Marburg-Institut für Archivwissenschaft, 1972-76.
Baldry, W. Y. "Hessian Troops in the American War of Independence." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 2 (April 1923), p. 69.
Bancroft, George, editor. "Baurmeister's Narrative of the Capture of New York September 1776." Magazine of American History, 1 (January 1877), pp. 33-39.
Bell, Helen, translator. "The Hessians in Philadelphia." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 1 (1877), pp. 40-43.
Böhm, Uwe Peter. Hessisches Militär Die Truppen der Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel 1672-1806 [The Hessian Army: Troops of Hessen-Kassel County 1672-1806]. Beckum: Herausgegeben im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Heereskunde [German Society for Military Studies], 1986.
Brown, Marvin L., Jr., editor. Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution: Journal and Correspondence of a Tour of Duty 1776-1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1965.
Büttner, Johann Carl. Narrative of Johann Carl Buettner in the American Revolution. Translated by C. F. Heartman. New York: C. F. Heartman, [1915].
Chapman, Frederick T., and John R. Elting. "The Brunswick Regiment of Dragoons, 1776-1783." Military Collector and Historian, 12 (Spring 1960), pp. 17-18.
Chartrand, Rene. "Uniforms of the Hesse Cassel Troops Sent to America in 1776." Military Collector and Historian, 23 (Fall 1971), pp. 90-91.
Copeland, Peter F., and Albert W. Haarmann. "The Provisional Chasseur Companies of Hesse-Cassel During the Revolutionary War." Military Collector and Historian, 18 (Spring 1966), pp. 11-13.
Cöster, G. C. Hessian Soldiers in the American Revolution. Records of Their Marriages and Baptisms of Their Children in America, Performed by the Reverend G. C. Coster, 1776-1783, Chaplain of Two Hessian Regiments. Translated by Marie Dickoré. Cincinnati: C. J. Krehbiel Co., 1959.
Demandt, K. E. Geschichte des Landes essen [History of the State of Hessen]. Kassel: 1972.
Dippel, Horst. "Sources in Germany for the Study of the American Revolution." Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, 33 (July 1976), pp. 199-217.
Doblin, Helga. "The Case of the Musketeer Andreas Hasselmann." Military Affairs, 51 (April 1987), pp. 73-74.
-----, translator; and Mary C. Lynn, editor. The American Revolution, Garrison Life in French Canada and New York: Journal of an Officer in the Prinz Friedrich Regiment, 1776-1783. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1993.
Döhla, Johann Conrad. Tagebuch eines Bayreuther Soldaten, des Johann Conrad Döhla, aus dem nordamerikanischen Freiheitskrieg von 1777 bis 1783. Bayreuth: Burger, 1913.
-----. A Hessian Diary of the American Revolution. Translated and edited by Bruce E. Burgoyne. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.
Dornberg, Karl Ludwig. Tagebuchblatter eines hessischen Offiziers aus der Zeit des nordamerikanischen Unabhangigkeitskriegs, von Gotthold Marseille. 2 vols. Pyritz: Backesche Buchdruckerei, 1900.
Dornfest, Walter. "Hanoverian Troops in the British Service 1775-1792." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 61 (Spring 1983), pp. 58-61.
Douglas, Elisha P. "German Intellectuals and the American Revolution." William and Mary Quarterly, 3d Ser., 17 (April 1960), pp. 200-218.
Du Roi, August Wilhelm. Journal of Du Roi the Elder Lieutenant and Adjutant, in the Service of the Duke of Brunswick, 1776-1778. Translated by Charlotte S. J. Epping. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1911.
Eelking, Max von. German Allied Troops in the North American War. Translated by J. G. Rosengarten. Albany: Joel Munsell's Sons, 1893.
-----. "The Hessians in the Revolution." Historical Magazine, 8 (February 1864), pp. 54-60.
[Egli, Clara, translator]. "Diary of a Voyage from Stade in Hanover to Quebec in America of the Second Division of Ducal Brunswick Mercenaries." Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association, 8 (October 1927), pp. 323-351.
Ewald, Johann. Diary of the American War: A Hessian Journal. Translated by Joseph P. Tustin. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Fann, Willerd R. "On the Infantryman's Age in Eighteenth Century Prussia." Military Affairs, 41 (December 1977), pp. 165-170.
Franz, Eckhart G., and Otto Frölich, compilers. Hessische Truppen im Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg. Marburg: 1972.
Gradish, Stephen F. "The German Mercenaries in North America During the American Revolution: A Case Study." Canadian Journal of History, 4 (March 1969), pp. 23-46.
Guthorn, Peter J. "A Hessian Map from the American Revolution: Its Origin and Purpose." Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, 33 (July 1976), pp. 219-231.
Haarmann, Albert W. "The Third Regiment of Waldeck, 1776-1783." Military Collector and Historian, 13 (Fall 1961), pp. 82-84.
Haase, Carl. "Das militärgeschichtliche Archivgut im Niedersächsischen Staatsarchiv im Hannover." Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen, #1, 1969, pp. 155-164.
Hanger, George. The Life, Adventures and Opinions of Colonel George Hanger, Written by Himself. 2 vols. London: 1801.
Heinrichs, Johann. "Extracts from the Letter-Book of Captain Johann Heinrichs of the Hessian Jäger Corps, 1778-1780." Translated by Julian F. Sachse. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 22 (1898), pp. 137-170.
Heisey, M. Luther. "Frederick Valentine Melsheimer, Entomologist." Lancaster County Historical Society Papers, 41 (1937), pp. 103-112.
[Heusler, Captain, editor]. "The Brunswick Contingent in America, 1776-1783." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 15 (1891), pp. 218-224.
Hoffman, Elliott W. "The German Soldiers in the American Revolution." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of New Hampshire, 1982.
Holmes, Jack D. L. "German Troops in Alabama During the American Revolution: The Battle of January 7, 1781." Alabama Historical Quarterly, 38 (Spring 1976), pp. 5-9.
Huth, Hans. "Letters from a Hessian Mercenary." Translated by C. V. Easum. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 62 (October 1938), pp. 488-501.
Ingrao, Charles W. The Hessian Mercenary State: Ideas, Institutions and Reform under Frederick II, 1760-1785. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
-----. "'Barbarous Strangers': Hessian State and Society during the American Revolution." American Historical Review, 87 (October 1982), pp. 954-976.
Jones, George Fenwick. "The Black Hessians: Negroes Recruited by the Hessians in South Carolina and Other Colonies." South Carolina Historical Magazine, 83 (October 1982), pp. 287-302.
Kapp, Friedrich. Der Soldatenhandel deutscher Fürsten nach Amerika [German Sovereign soldier Trade to America]. Berlin: 1874.
-----, editor. "Report of the Court-Martial for the Trial of the Hessian Officers Captured by Washington at Trenton." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 7 (1883), pp. 45-49.
Kipping, Ernst. Die Truppen von Hessian-Kassel im Amerikanischen Unabhangigkeitskrieg 1776-1783. Darmstadt: Wehr und Wissen Verlagsgesellchaft M. B. H., 1965.
Knoetel, Herbert. "Hesse-Hanau Regiment Erbprinz, 1776." Military Collector and Historian, 1 (April 1949), pp. 2-3.
König, Joseph. "Die militärgeschichtlichen Bestände des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs im Wolfenbüttel." Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen, #2, 1969, pp. 179-182.
Korn, E. Fahnen und Uniformen der Landgräflich Hessen-Kasselschen Truppen im Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg. Kassel: 1977.
Krafft, John Charles Philip von. "Journal of Lieutenant John Charles Philip von Krafft." New-York Historical Society Collections for 1882.
Losch, P. Soldatenhandel. Verzeichnis der Subsidienverträge Hessen-Kassels [Soldier Trade: Catalog of Subsidy Contracts in Hessen-Kassel]. Kassel: 1933 [Reprinted Kassel: 1977].
Lowell, E. J. The Hessians and Other German Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. New York: Harper & Bros., 1884.
Melsheimer, F[rederick] V[alentine]. Journal of the Voyage of the Brunswick Auxiliaries from Wolfenbeutel to Quebec. Edited by William Wood and William L. Stone. Quebec: Morning Chronicle Steam Printing Establishment, 1891. [Original version published in German in 1776 at Frankfurt; translation first appeared in the Transactions of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 20 (1889-1891), pp. 133-178.]
Miles, Lion G. "The German Soldiers of Pompton." North Jersey Highlander, 16 (Winter 1980), pp. 3-16.
-----. "The Iron Master and the Hessians." North Jersey Highlander, 17 (Summer 1981), pp. 3-26.
Monarque, Georges. Un General Allemand au Canada, le Baron Friedrich Adolphus Von Riedesel. 2d Edition. Montreal: N.p., 1946.
Müller-Jahncke, Wolf Dieter. "Johann David Schoepf (1752-1800) A German Physician as a Botanist and Zoologist in North America." Pharmacy in History, 20 (#2, 1978), pp. 43-64.
Muenchhausen, Friedrich von. At General Howe's Side: The Diary of General Howe's Aide de Camp, Captain Friedrich von Muenchhausen. Translated and edited by Ernst Kipping and Samuel S. Smith. Monmouth Beach, N.J.: Philip Freneau Press, 1974.
-----. "Notes on the Battle of Germantown." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 23 (1899), pp. 483-487.
Popp, Stephen. A Hessian Soldier in the American Revolution: The Diary of Stephen Popp. Translated by Reinhart Pope, Jr. N.P.: Privately printed, 1953.
-----. "Popp's Journal, 1777-1783." Translated by Joseph G. Rosengarten. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 16 (1902), pp. 25-41, 245-254.
Prowell, George R. "Frederick Valentine Melsheimer, A Pioneer Entomologist, a Noted Clergyman and Author." Proceedings of the Historical Society of York County, 1 (1903), pp. 17-26.
Rainsford, Charles. "Transactions as Commissary for Embarking Foreign Troops in the English Service from Germany with copies of Letters Relative to It. For the Years 1776-1777." New-York Historical Society Collections for 1879, pp. 313-543.
Ray, Frederick E., Jr., and John R. Elting. "The Brunswick Infantry Regiment Von Rhetz." Military Collector and Historian, 17 (Summer 1965), p. 49.
Riedesel, Frederick Augustus von. Memoirs, and Letters and Journals, of Major General Riedesel, During his Residence in America. Translated from the Original German of Max von Eelking. Translated by William L. Stone. 2 vols. Albany: J. Munsell, 1868.
Rimpau, Hans Helmuth. "'The Brunswickers' in Nordamerika 1776-1783." Archiv fuer Sippenforschung, 43 (August 1971), pp. 204-219; 44 (November 1971), pp. 293-308; 45 (February 1972), pp. 346-355.
Schaer, Friedrich-Wilhelm. "Die militärgeschichtlichen quellen des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs im Oldenburg." Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen, #2, 1969, pp. 183-188.
Schmidt, H. D. "The Hessian Mercenaries: The Career of a Political Cliche." History, 43 (1958), pp. 207-212.
Schmitz, Rudolph. "The Medical and Pharmaceutical Care of Hessian Troops During the American War of Independence." In George A. Bender and John Parascandola, editors, American Pharmacy in the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods (Madison: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, 1977), pp. 37-47.
Schoepf, John D. "Travels Through Berks County in 1783." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 5 (1881), pp. 74-81.
Schwank, J. "Hessische Offiziere: Ein Beitrag zur hessischen Militärgeschichte [Hessian Officers: A Contribution to Hessian Military History]." Hessenland (1889), p. 99.
Seumes, J. G. "Memoirs of a Hessian Conscript: J. G. Seumes' Reluctant Voyage to America." Translated by Margarete Woelfel. William and Mary Quarterly, 3d Ser., 5 (October 1949), pp. 533-570.
Slafter, Edmund F. "The Landing of the Hessians." Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 38 (February 1904), pp. 243-250. [2d Ser., Vol. 18.]
Slagle, Robert Oakley. "The Von Lossberg Regiment: A Chronicle of Hessian Participation in the American Revolution." Ph.D. Dissertation, American University, 1965.
Smith, Clifford N. Brunswick Deserter-Immigrants of the American Revolution. Dekalb: Westland Publications, 1974.
Stadtler, Erich. The Ansbach-Bayreuth Troops During the American War of Independence 1777-1783. Translated by Linda E. Murray. Yorktown: Privately printed, 1971. [German edition published in Nurnburg in 1956.]
von Stamford, Karl. "Das stehende hessische Heer von 1670-1866 [The Standing Hessian Army from 1670-1866]." Hessenland, (1899/1900).
Stone, William L., translator. Letters of Brunswick and Hessian Officers During the American Revolution. Albany: Joel Munsell's Sons, 1891.
-----, translator. Journal of Captain Pauch Chief of the Hanau Artillery During the Burgoyne Campaign. Albany: Joel Munsell's Sons, 1886.
Strieder, Ew. Grundlage zur Militärgeschichte des Labdgräflich Hessischen Corps [Fundamentals of Military History of the Principality Hessen-Cassel Corps. Cassel: 1798.
Taylor, Peter Keir. "The Household's Most Expendable People: The Draft and Peasant Society in Eighteenth-Century Hessen-Kassel." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Iowa, 1987.
Uhlendorf, Bernard A., editor. Revolution in America: Confidential Letters 1776-1784 of Adjutant General Major Baurmeister of the Hessian Forces. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1957.
Volm, Matthew H. The Hessian Prisoners in the American War of Independence and Their Life in Captivity. Charlottesville: N.p., 1937.
Waldeck, Philipp. Philipp Waldeck's Diary of the American Revolution. Translated and edited by Marion Dexter Learned. Philadelphia: Americana Germanica Press, 1907.
-----. "Excerpts from Philipp Waldeck's Diary of the American Revolution." Translated and edited by Gertrude L. Calhoun. Union County Historical Society Proceedings, 2 (1923-34), pp. 137-143.
Wasmus, J. F. An Eyewitness Account of the American Revolution and New England Life: The Journal of J. F. Wasmus, German Company Surgeon, 1776-1783. Edited by Mary C. Lynn; translated by Helga Doblin. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Weinmeister, Oscar K., Jr. "The Hessian Grenadier Battalions in North America, 1776-1783." Military Collector and Historian, 27 (Winter 1975), pp. 148-153.
Werthern, Alfred H. Die Hessischen Hülfstruppen im nordamerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg, 1776-1783. Kassel: Kay, 1893.
Wiederhold, Andreas. "The Capture of Fort Washington, New York, Described by Captain Andreas Wiederhold, of the Hessian 'Regiment Knyphausen.'" Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 23 (1899), pp. 95-97.
-----. "Colonel Rall at Trenton." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 22 (1898), pp. 462-467.
Wildermuth, Larry. "Hessians and the Citizens of Reading." Historical Review of Berks County, 35 (Spring 1970), pp. 46-49, 66-74.
Wilkie, Everett C., Jr. "Franklin and 'The Sale of the Hessians': The Growth of a Myth." American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 127 (June 1983), pp. 202-212.
Yaple, R. "Notes on the Brunswick Troops, 1776-1783." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 50 (Summer 1972), p. 123.