Endnotes - Napoleon, Operational Art, and the Jena Campaign
1. E. F. Berthezene, Souvenirs militaires (Paris, 1855), p. 243.
2. Napoleon Bonaparte, The Military Maxims of Napoleon (Paris, 1874), no. 112; and La correspondence de Napoléon Ier, vol. 31 (Paris, 1856), pp. 448–50, 509, 596 (hereafter cited as Correspondence).
3. Attributed to Henri IV of France.
4. Correspondence, vol. 18, no. 14707, p. 218.
5. David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon (New York: Macmillan, 1966), p. 368 (hereafter cited as Campaigns).
6. Details of Napoleon’s schedule are to be found in E. Las Casas, Memoirs of Napoleon (London, 1836), p. 236ff.
7. Martin van Creveld, Command in War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), pp. 58–102.
8. Correspondence, vol. 13, no. 10810, p. 210.
9. Herbert Sargent, Napoleon Bonaparte’s First Campaign (London, 1895), p. 15.
10. Claire de Rémusat, Memoirs, 1802–1819 (London, 1895), p. 154.
11. Van Creveld, Command in War, p. 68.
12. Correspondence, vol. 11, no. 9392, p. 336.
13. Ibid., vol. 19, no. 15, p. 310.
14. Ibid., vol. 31, no. 40, p. 418.
15. Sources include van Creveld, Command in War, ch. 3; Chandler, Campaigns, pt. eight. Attention is also drawn to F. L. Petre, Napoleon’s Campaign in Prussia (London, 1907; reissued 1977); C. von Lettow-Vorbeck, Der Krieg von 1806–1807 (Berlin, 1892); H. Bonnal, La manoeuvre de Jena (Paris, 1904); and Frederic N. Maude, The Jena Campaign, 1806 (London, 1909). Extremely good on Auerstädt is Daniel Reichel, Davout et l’Art de la Guerre (Paris: Delachaux et Neistlé, 1975), final section. Much of value may be culled from J. Colin’s chapter in Les Grandes Batailles de l’histoire (Paris, 1915); J. F. C. Fuller’s The Decisive Battles of the Western World, vol. 2 (London, 1955); and the British Military Ordnance Department (MOD), Non-Technical Research Paper No. 12 (“Application of the Indirect Approach to Land/Air Operations in the Central Region”) (London, 1984).
16. Cited by Chandler, Campaigns, p. 454.
17. Fuller, Decisive Battles, 2:418.
18. On the French marshalcy, see David G. Chandler, ed., Napoleon’s Marshals (New York: Macmillan, 1987), especially the introduction.
19. See von Lettow-Vorbeck, Der Krieg, p. 163.
20. Colin, Les Grandes Batailles, p. 104.
21. Correspondence, vol. 13, no. 10744, p. 150.
24. Ibid., no. 10792, pp. 193–94.
27. David G. Chandler, Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars (New York, 1979), App.: “Napoleon’s Military Movements,” p. 524.
28. Correspondence, vol. 13, no. 10941, pp. 309–10.
29. Correspondence, vol. 13, no. 10992, p. 344. See Carl von Clausewitz, Nachrichten über Preussen in seiner großen Katastrophe (Berlin, 1898); Antoine H. Baron de Jomini, Atlas portatif … pour la vie de Napoléon (Brussels, 1840); Chandler, Campaigns. Both Jean Baptiste M. E. Vachee, Napoleon at Work (London: A. and C. Black, 1914), and van Creveld, Command in War, concentrate on command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) aspects.
30. Colin, Les Grandes Batailles, p. 107.
31. Correspondence, vol. 13, no. 10992, p. 344.
32. Ibid., vol. 13, no. 1100, p. 348.
33. See Chandler, Campaigns, p. 475.
34. Bonnal, La Manoeuvre, p. 421.
35. Baron M. de Marbot, Mémoirs, vol. 1 (Paris, 1891), p. 297.
36. For details of the battle, see Chandler, Campaigns, pp. 479–98; MOD, Non-Technical Research Paper (no. 12), pp. 30–31.
37. General Rapp’s account, in Louis A. F. de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, vol. 2 (London, 1844), p. 384.
38. See Chandler, Marshals, p. xlvi.
39. See Chandler, Campaigns, pp. 489–98, and for an impressive reconstruction of Auerstädt, W. J. Wood, Leaders and Battles — The Art of Military Leadership (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1984), pp. 79–106; also Reichel, l’Art de la Guerre, final part.
40. For a further account of Davout’s career, see Reichel, l’Art de la Guerre (to Auerstädt — a second volume was to follow, but Reichel’s sad death in 1992 halted the project), and Chandler, Marshals, pp. 93–117.
42. Correspondence, vol. 13, no. 11060, pp. 393–94.
43. Chandler, Marshals, pp. 114–15.
44. See Chandler, Campaigns, p. 457.
45. Van Creveld, Command in War, p. 96.
46. For a fuller treatment and analysis of Napoleon’s contributions to operational art, see Jay Luvaas, ed., Napoleon on the Art of War (New York: Free Press, 1999).
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