UA24.A7 1999
355.3'0973---dc2l 98-52151
CIP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Esprit de corps in a military organization originates in the pride its members take in serving with their units. Such pride has several sources-leadership, confidence, technical competence, public recognition, sense of purpose-all of which are immeasurably enhanced by an appreciation of unit history. Soldiers and leaders are inspired by the achievements and sacrifices of those who marched in the ranks before them. The Army Lineage Series is designed to foster such esprit in each United States Army unit. Intended for use at all levels of command, in service schools, and in training programs throughout the Army, the volumes published in this series have become the standard reference sources in the field of organizational history.
Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades, compiled by John B. Wilson, was first published in 1987. It detailed the lineages, honors, and heraldic items of the units covered. Since 1987 dramatic changes have been made to the Army's force structure, including the reduction of active Regular Army divisions from eighteen to ten and numerous realignments. Five new campaigns have been established: three for the war in Southwest Asia, and two armed forces expeditionary campaigns for Panama and the Dominican Republic. This revised second edition updates the lineages and honors of the Army's divisions and separate brigades to reflect these and related events. In addition, it serves as a companion to Mr. Wilson's recently published Maneuver and Firepower.- The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades, a groundbreaking study exploring the development of division and separate brigade organization in the US. Army.
We hope and believe that this latest revision of Armies, Corps, Divisions,
and Separate Brigades will increase historical awareness throughout the
Army concerning the accomplishments of these fine organizations; its greatest
contribution would be to enhance the pride of those soldiers serving in
them.
| Washington, D.C.
26 February 1999 |
JOHN S. BROWN
Brigadier General, USA Chief of Military History |
The first edition of Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades was published in 1987 and contained data about the units as of 31 December 1984. As with the original, the purpose of this edition is to bring up to date in compact form the official historical records of armies, corps, divisions, and separate combined arms brigades in order to perpetuate and publicize their traditions, honors, and heraldic entitlements. It includes the lineages and honors for all armies, corps, divisions, and separate combined arms brigades organized under Tables of Organization and Equipment that have been active in the Regular Army, Army Reserve, and Army of the United States since the beginning of World War II. Included in this edition is the 12th Infantry Division (formerly the Philippine Division), which did not appear in the earlier one. The lineages are current through 1 October 1997. Brigade headquarters and headquarters companies or headquarters, except for aviation and engineer brigades, organic to the above-mentioned combat divisions since ROAD (Reorganization Objective Army Divisions) in the early 1960s have also been incorporated. (Divisional aviation and engineer brigades are branch specific and therefore have been omitted.) The lineages and honors for Army National Guard divisions and separate combined arms brigades that were active on 1 October 1997 are also included.
The lineage and honors of a unit is an outline history, and the official certificate attesting to that history, prepared by the Organizational History Branch, United States Army Center of Military History, is a highly stylized document. In this volume unit lineages are adapted from the official certificates. The lineage begins with the official designation of the unit, followed by its special designation, as approved by the Center. Events in the life of a unit recorded as part of its past are restricted to a few specific actions, such as activation, inactivation, redesignation, and disbandment. The data has been compressed to save space, but the information is the same as that on the certificate, which accounts for the technical language used. A glossary appears at the end of the volume to assist the reader in understanding these terms. Campaigns and decorations for each unit are those earned by the unit itself or its predecessor.
To assist the reader, the volume is arranged by command echelon, but within each echelon the designations of the units vary to meet their missions within the force structure. For example, armies based in the continental United States since 1957 have the term "United States" as part of their designations to denote their mission of preparing units for mobilization and combat. The Third United States Army, the one exception, has the unique mission of planning for and executing the deployment of Army forces in response to contingencies threatening vital U.S. interests. The designation "United States Army" for corps was adopted in 1957 to indicate a supervisory mission of the Army Reserve. Corps without the term "United States Army" in their designation are, or were, tactical headquarters. Brigades and divisions without "Infantry," "cavalry," "armored," and "airborne"
as part of their designations denote cadre organizations designed to operate training centers upon mobilization or to conduct training and exercises.
Combat divisions normally have three brigade headquarters, but some Regular Army divisions include a fourth brigade. The additional headquarters, except in the 6th Infantry Division, was added to meet the requirements of the Vietnam conflict or the unit rotation program tested during the mid-1970s. Although the designations suggest that the fourth brigades were elements of existing divisions and operated with them, the brigades were actually organized as separate combined arms units. In the 6th Infantry Division, the fourth brigade replaced a traditional element of the division that was organized as a separate combined arms brigade during the war in Vietnam. The 1st Infantry Division had the 1st Infantry Division Forward from 1975 to 1991 in place of a third brigade to keep the division designation in the forefront, since that division was targeted to reinforce NATO. With the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and restructuring of the Army, the brigade has returned to its traditional designation of 3d Brigade, 1st Infantry Division. Because of force designs the 10th Mountain Division has never had a traditional 3d Brigade. The 4th Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, was reactivated for a short time to assist in the reduction and relocation of forces in 1996. In the Army National Guard, the designations of the brigades vary to keep historical brigades and divisional designations in the active force. For example, the 32d Brigade, 34th Infantry Division, perpetuates the history of the 32d Infantry Division, and the 55th and 56th Brigades, 28th Infantry Division, are designations associated with the division since 1917. The 9th Infantry Division, which was organized to test new operational concepts in the 1980s included a cavalry brigade headquarters, which was eventually reorganized as an aviation unit and therefore omitted from this edition. Although a Berlin Brigade was in the force as early as 1961, first as a Table of Distribution and Allowance unit and then as a Table of Organization and Equipment unit, only the Table of Organization and Equipment history of the brigade is included.
The Organizational History Branch is responsible for the determination of official unit lineage and honors, and the lineages that appear in this volume are the result of research done by many members of the branch, past and present. In the original edition the compiler brought all the lineages up to date and accomplished the research necessary to complete the lineages of the many organizations that have been on the inactive rolls or disbanded for many years. He and Mr. Edward Bedessem have brought all the lineages up to date. Mr. Stephen E. Everett compiled the original unit bibliographies with the assistance of Mr. Charles E. Dornbusch's comprehensive bibliography entitled Histories, Personal Narratives, United States Army (Cornwallville, N.Y.: Hope Farm Press, 1967); Mr. James T. Controvich's United States Army Unit Histories, A Reference and Bibliography (Manhattan, Kans.: Military Affairs/Aerospace Historical, 1983); and the US. Army Military History Institute's work compiled by Col. George S. Pappas, entitled United States Army Unit Histories (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978). Mr. Controvich has published three supplements to his 1983 work, which have been used in updating this edition. Most of the unit histories cited are unofficial works that were prepared outside the Department of the Army. They are, nevertheless, valuable sources of additional
information about units. To save space, the bibliographies have been culled of general works except those published by the Department of the Army and its subordinate commands.
Descriptions of the shoulder sleeve insignia, distinctive unit insignia, and other heraldic items approved for the units are included with the lineages. These descriptions, as well as the color illustrations of the heraldic items, were furnished by The Institute of Heraldry. The Organizational History Branch is grateful to the late Dr. Opal Landrum, Miss Nuala Barry, and Mrs. Adele Richey for their time and effort spent in assisting in the publication of the original edition. The branch is particularly appreciative of the assistance of Mr. Thomas Profitt in preparing this revised edition. In some instances the text relating to heraldic items approved for the units is not as comprehensive as in the original letters of approval, amendment, or redesignation sent to units. These minor changes in heraldic material have been made to meet the need for brevity in this volume. At the beginning of the color illustrations is a brief account of the evolution of these items.
I would like to thank Mr. John Birmingham and Ms. Beth MacKenzie, who prepared the volume for publication, and Mr. Steve Hardyman, who guided it through the publication maze. My special thanks go to Ms. Catherine Heerin, who edited the work, saving me from many potential errors.
Although many people have assisted in preparing this revised edition of Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades, I alone am responsible for all errors of fact or interpretation. The Center of Military History, which is responsible for the determination and publication of the lineage and honors for units under Army Regulation 870-5, welcomes comments, which may be addressed to the US. Army Center of Military History, 102 4TH AVE BLDG 35 FORT MCNAIR DC 20319-5060.
| Washington, D.C.
26 February 1999 |
JOHN B. WILSON |